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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Methyldopa
|
1. Lactation (MEN also !)
2. Positive Coombs test |
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Clonidine
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1. Sedation
2. Quick withdrawal-->Hypertensive crisis |
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Guanethidine
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1. Effector supersensitivity
2. Postural hypotensoin 3. Diarrhea |
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Reserpine
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1. Postural hypotension
2. Nightmares, sedation 3. Parkinosonism 4. Increased gastric acid |
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Selective alpha1 blockers (prazosin, terazosin...)
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1. 1st dose postural hypotension
2. Water/salt retention |
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Hydralazine
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SLE like syndrome
|
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Minoxidil
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1. Reflex sympathetic
2. Salt/water retention 3. Hirsutism |
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Sodium nitroprusside
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1.Cyanide toxicity (treat with B12 or thiosulfate)
2. Methemoglobinemia |
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Diazoxide
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1. Strong reflex tachycardia
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Fenoldopam
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1. Increased Intraocular pressure
|
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ACE inhibitors
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1. Hyperkalemia
2. Cough 3. Anigoedema 4. Contraindicated in pregnancy 5. Decreased by NSAIDs |
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AT-II antagonists
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1. Contraindicated in pregnancy
|
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CCBs
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1. Cardiac arrest, AV block
2. Heart failure 3. Hypotensoin 4. Nifedipine contraindicated in ACS (increased risk for MI) |
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Procainamide
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1. SLE like syndrome
2. QT prolong --> Torsades de pointes 3. Hypotension due to some ganglion-blocking effects |
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Quinidine
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1. Cinchonism (tinnitus, vertigo...)
2. GI problems |
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Disopyramide
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1. Atropine like
2. Strong negative inotropic - contraindicated in HF |
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Lidocaine
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1. Adverse effects of anhesthetics - tremors, parasthesias, nausea...
|
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Flecainide
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1. CAST trial showed increased mortality when treating post-MI patients. use ONLY for SVT in patients with normal hearts
|
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Propafenone
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1. Metallic taste.
2. Constipation |
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Amiodarone
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1. AV block
2. Pulmonary fibrosis. 3. Hepatotoxic 4. Photodermatitis 5. Halos in vision 6. Hypo/Hyper thyroid NOTE - metabolised by 3A4 |
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Bretylium
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1. Postural hypotensoin due to sympathoplegic effects
|
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Sotalol
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1. Torsade de pointes
2. Exacerbation of HF |
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Adenosine
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1. Flushing
2. Chest pain 3. Short AV block |
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Statins
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1. Hepatotoxicity
2. Myopathy --> Rhabdomyolysis if combined with fibrates and such 3. Increased levels with Verapamil/Amiodarone (3A4 inducers) |
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Niacin
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1. Cutaneous flushing (take aspirin prior)
2. Acanthosis nigricans (insulin resistance) 3. Hepatotoxicity 4. Hyperuricemia |
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Fibrates
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1. Rashes
2. Myopathy 3. Hypokalemia 4. Gallstones |
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Resins
|
1. Constipation, bloating
2. ADEK malabsorption (hypoPT) 3. Impaired absorption of gitialis, warfarin... 4. VLDL levels may increase |
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Statins+fibrates / Statins+niacin
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Rhabdomyolysis
|
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Insulin
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1. Hypoglycemia
2. Lipodystrophy 3. Insulin allergy |
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Sulfonylureas
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1. Hypoglycemia
2. Hyponatremia (mostly in 1st generation) |
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Biguanides (Metformin)
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1. GI discomfort
2. Reduced B12 absorption 3. LACTIC ACIDOSIS (impairs hepatic metabolism of lactic acid) |
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TZDs (Rosiglitazone)
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1. Decreased contraceptive levels due to 3A4 metabolism
2. Contraindicated in pregnancy 3. Weight gain 4. Reovulation 5. Hepatotoxicity |
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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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1. Abdominal pain, gas, diarrhea
2. Hepatotoxicity |
|
Nitrites
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1. Tachycardia
2. Orthostatic hypotension 3. Throbbing headache from meningeal artery dilation 4. Methemoglobinemia |
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Acetozolamide
|
1.Metabolic acidosis
2.Renal stones 3.Hypokalemia 4. Decreased ammonia excretion and risk of hepatic encephalopathy ! |
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Furosemide
|
1.Metabolic alkalosis
2.Ototoxicity 3.Hyperuricemia 4. Hypomagnesemia 5.Hypocalcemia if hyper before 6. Allergic reactions to sulfa part |
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Thiazides
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1. Hypokalemic Alkalosis
2. Impaired carbohydrate tolerance 3. Hyperlipidemia {LDL) 4. Hyponatremia (!) 5. Allergy |
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Spironolactones (and other K sparing diuretics)
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1. Hypekalemia
2. Metabolic acidosis 3. Gynecomastia 4. |
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Mannitol
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1. Extracellular volume expansion prior to diuresis leads to hyponatremia
2. Later dehydration can lead to hyperkalemia and hypernatremia |
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Iron toxicity
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1. Necrotizing gastroentritis
2. Metabolic acidosis, shock |
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Heparin
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1. Bleeding
2. Hair loss 3. Osteoporosis 4.HIT CI in active bleeding, hemophilia, intracranial hemorrhage, post surgery |
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Warfarin
|
1.Crosses placenta, teratognic, hemorrhage in fetus
2.Hemorrhagic infarction due to depression of Protein C |
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Ticlopidine
|
Nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, hemorrhage
2. TTP |
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steroids treatment for Asthma
|
1. Cataracts
2. Osteoporosis 3. Reversible growth delay in children |
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Methylxantines
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1. GI distress
2. Insomina 3. Arrhythmias |
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Sodium bicarbonate
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1. Distension, belching
2. Metabolic alkalosis |
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Calcium carbonate
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1. Distension, belching
2.Metabolic alkalosis 3. Hypercalcemia |
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Magnesium hydroxe
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Diarrhea
|
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Aluminum hydroxide
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Constipation
|
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H2 blockers (Cimetidine...:)
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1. Gynecomastia
2. Galactorrhea 3. Impotence Crosses placenta and into breast milk. Do not use in pregnancy! |
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Omeprazole (PPIs)
|
1. Diarrhea
2. B12 malabsorption 3. Carcinoids 4. Increased risk for infections with C.Difficle 5. Decreased absorption of drugs that need an acid environment -- Digoxin ! |
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Sucralfate
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1. Constipation due to aluminum hydroxide
2. May bind to other drugs and alter their absorption |
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Misoprostol (PGE analog)
|
1. Causes uterine contractions. DO NOT give during pregnancy.
|
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Bismuth
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1. Blackening of stool & tongue
|
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Domperidone, Metocloperamide
|
1. Galactorrhea, Gynecomastia, menstural disorders
2. Metoclopramide also insomina, anixety, other CNS stuff 3. Parkinsonism |
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Apprepitant (NK1 antagoinst)
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1. Diarrhea
2. Fatigue 3. Decreases INR |
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Doperidol (Anti psychotic, anti-emetic)
|
1. Prolonged QT
|
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Docusate, Mineral oil (stool softeners)
|
long term use can lead to ADEK malabosrption
|
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Phenolphtalaein
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A cathartic (irritant) that leads to cardiac toxicity. Removed from market.
|
|
1. Pectin
2. Bile salt binding resin (both used as anti diarrhea) |
1. May bind other drugs
2. Fat malbasorption |
|
Octreotide (somatostatin)
|
1. Fat malabsorption
2. Gallstones 3. Hypo/hyperglycemia 4. Bradycardia |
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5-ASA
|
1. GI upset
2. BM suppression 3. Arthralgias 4. Hypersensitivity to sulfapyridine 5. Folic acid deficiency (give 1mg/day !) |
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Purine analogs
|
1. BM suppression
2. Hepatotoxicity 3. HS reactions 4. Lymphoma 5. Crosses placenta |
|
MTX
|
1. BM suppression
2. Megaloblastic anemia |
|
Infliximab (anti TNF alpha)
|
1. Chest pain / Dyspnea
2. Serum sickness 3. Lymphoma |
|
Pancrealipase
|
Hyperuricosurea
renal stones |
|
Treatment for hepatitis
|
IFN-alpha
Lamivudine Adefovir Entecavir Ribavirin |
|
MOA of Lamivudine , MOA of Adefovir
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Lamivudine -> HBV DNA pol inhibitor, by chain termination.
Adefovir -> Adenine analog, causes chain termination |
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MOA of Entecavir, MOA of Ribavirin
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Entecavir - Guanosine nucleoside analog, inhibts HBV DNA pol
Ribavirin - Guanosine analog that inhiits HCV mRNA capping and RNA-dependent DNA pol |
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Droperidol
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Strong sedation, prolonged QT --> Torsade de pointes (rare)
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