323 Test 2

Front 1

rapid appearance of neurons in the developing brain

Back 1

neuron proliferation (neurogenesis)

Front 2

chemicals that transmit nerve impulses away from one nerve cell to another

Back 2

neurotransmitter

Front 3

movement of neurons within the brain that makes sure all brain areas have neural connections

Back 3

neuronal migration

Front 4

elimination of some neurons that surround newly formed synapses around neighboring neurons

Back 4

programmed cell death

Front 5

deterioration of synapses that are not being used (ex. language sounds)

Back 5

synaptic pruning

Front 6

capacity of the brain to change in response to input from the external environment

Back 6

brain plasticity

Front 7

What is the sensitive period for brain development?

Back 7

before the age of 3

Front 8

the reflexes you are born with that we eventually lose as we adapt to our environment

Back 8

primitive reflexes (ex. sucking, rooting)

Front 9

reflexes we are born with that continue

Back 9

permanent reflexes (ex. blinking, gag)

Front 10

motor skills that use large muscles and develop first

Back 10

gross motor skills

Front 11

motor skills that use small muscles and develop later on

Back 11

fine motor skills

Front 12

growth centers at the end of a long bone where new cartilage cells are produces from growth plates and gradually harden

Back 12

epiphyses

Front 13

What are the functions of infant reflexes?

Back 13

survival

evolutionary adaptive function

later motor development

parent child bond (responsiveness)

Front 14

During REM sleep the infants brain stimulates itself, in turn stimulates development of the CNS

Back 14

Autostimulation Theory

Front 15

Evidence supporting the autostimulation theory

Back 15

*pre-term babies spend more time in REM sleep

*infants w/more stimulation REM sleep less

*disturbed REM sleep linked to late developmental difficulties

Front 16

What are some self-soothing strategies?

Back 16

sucking

turning heads

Front 17

What are 4 factors necessary for a new motor skill to emerge?

Back 17

CNS development

body movement capacities

child's goals

environmental support

Front 18

Theory that says new motor skills are reorganizations of previously mastered skills, which lead to more effective ways of controlling and exploring the environment

Back 18

Dynamic Systems Theory of Motor Development

Front 19

What does the Visual Cliff Experiment tell us about the relationship between motor, perceptual and emotional development?

Back 19

depth perception is not a reflex, it's learned. babies crawling longer would not cross

Front 20

Benefits of breast-feeding

Back 20

milk perfectly meets needs of the child
protects the child against obesity

builds immune system

Front 21

define obesity

Back 21

greater than 20% increase over healthy BMI

Front 22

Primary causes of childhood obesity

Back 22

industrialization

genetics

social learning

family habits

sleep

environment

Front 23

Immediate and long-term effects of malnourishment

Back 23

immediate: interfere with development

long term: low basal metabolic rate (high metabolism)

Front 24

Primary consequences of childhood obesity for children

Back 24

non-organic failure to thrive

psychosocial dwarfism

Front 25

when access to food is scarce, causes people to over eat when they do get food

Back 25

food insecurity

Front 26

How does stress influence brain development?

Back 26

stress impairs the development of emotional/cognitive skills; learning disabilities

Front 27

capacity of the brain to change in form in response to input from the external environment

Back 27

brain plasticity