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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anxiety |
Negative mood state Physical tension Apprehension about future No control |
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Fear |
Alarm reaction to danger Autonomic system - emotional alarm - surge of energy to FLEE Immediate reaction to current danger |
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Panic attack |
disrupts experience of intense fear or acute discomfort Heart palpitations, chest pain, short breath Bad time |
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Anxiety causes |
Bio: Pic runs in families, associated with specific brain circuits Low GABA Corticotropin - releasing factor - central to anxiety and depression Liebig system - mediator between brainstem and cortex |
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Behavioural inhibition system |
Activated by signals of the brainstem of unexpected events |
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Brain imaging |
People with anxiety make limbic system over responsive to stimulation or new information |
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Cigarette smoking as a teen |
Tightened risk for developing anxiety
20 cigs a day = 15 x more likely for panic disorder |
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Freud + anxiety |
Thought it was a psychic reaction to fear |
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Behaviourists |
A product of classical conditioning Control/uncontrol that happens can develop anxiety later on in life |
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Social contributions |
Stressful life events trigger bio and psycho vulnerabilities to anxiety and can trigger physical reactions (headaches) |
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Triple vulnerability model |
1. Gen psycho vul: world is dangerous and out of control 2. Gen bio vul: not sufficient for inheritance to produce anxiety itself 3. Specific bio vul: Learn from early experience DANGER |
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Comorbidity |
Disorders co-occur Share same vulnerabilities |
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GAD |
6 months of excessive worrying and anxiety - intense unfocused Difficult to turn off Muscle tension, dif sleeping and mental agitation |
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Treatments: |
Drugs, CBT Psychological treatments focus on the worry process and avoid feelings of anxiety |
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Agoraphobia |
Fear and avoidance of situations Unknown when symptoms can occur 5.3% Canadians |
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Causes of Ago
Bio, psycho and soci & treatment |
Develops after a person has unexpected panic attacks Drugs, therapy, virtual reality SSRI |
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Specific Phobia- 4 most |
Irrational fear of a specific objects r situation that interferes with individual's ability to function 6.4% Animal Natural Environment Blood Injury Situational |
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Specifo Causes & treatments |
Can be post-traumatic
experience false-alarm Learn vicariously Social and cultural factors Treatment - exposure therapy, virtual reality |
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Social Phobia: |
Extremely shy - fear of being called for performance that is judged e.g. public speaking 7.2% |
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Causes & Treatment of SoPho |
Bio predisposed to fear angry, critical rejecting people Hyperarousal with new stimuli Treatments: Antidep (SSRI, PAXIL) CBT, social support |
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Selective Mutism |
Lack of speech in one or more settings where speech is expected |
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PTSD |
Events experienced with death, injury, sexual violation |
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Causes & Treatment |
Bio - genetic predisp Family instability Social cultural - support Hippocampus - memory Treatment: Exposure, narrative of experience, CBT, EMDR (eye movement desensitization) |
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0CD & TYPES |
Fear of unwanted and intrusive thoughts (obsessions) Repeated ritualistic actions or thoughts (compulsions) 1.6-2.3% 1. Symmetry 2. Forbidden Thoughts 3. Contamination 4. Hoarding |
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Causes & Treatment OCD |
Bio, pscyho precursors of anxiety Responsibility and guilt - society SSRI, Psycho treatments (exposure and ritual prevention) |
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Body Dysmorphic disorder Causes & Treatments |
Imagined bodily appearance 1-2% 2-13% in students Society - social anxiety SSRI, Prozac, Exposure and response |
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Other OCD related disorders |
Hoarding, trichotillomania (hair pulling) Excoriation (skin picking) |
