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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
17th Amendment
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direct election of senators
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18th Amendment
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-established prohibition
-promoted by temperance movement -enforced by the Volstead Act -established the Prohibition Bureau, which was in charge of enforcement of prohibition -generated the establishment and popularity of speakeasies -indirectly promoted the development of organized crime -benefited gangsters like Al Capone -banned the manufacture, sale, or transport of alcohol. - increased disrespect for law -led to bootlegging |
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19th Amendment
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Women’s Suffrage
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20th Amendment
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New president takes office on January 20
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21st Amendment
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Repealed Prohibition
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Fordney-McCumber Act
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-established high taxes on foreign imports
-made it difficult for Britain and France to repay war debt to US |
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Volstead Act
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-established provisions to enforce the 18th Amendment
-established the Prohibition Bureau in the US Treasury Department -was under-funded and thus ineffective. |
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The Immigration Act of 1924
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-Amended the Emergency Quota Act of 1921
-Allowed unlimited immigration from Latin America -Restricted immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe -severely restricted Asian immigration -It allowed only 2% of the nation’s population in the 1890 census to be admitted |
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McNary-Haugen bill
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-provided for Federal price supports for key crops, such as wheat, corn,
cotton, tobacco -Vetoed twice by Coolidge |
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Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act
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-Established the highest protective tariff in US history
-Sought to protect domestic farmers and manufacturers from foreign competition -Had the opposite effect -Prevented other countries from earning currency sufficient to buy US goods -Caused greater unemployment as a result of US companies losing markets overseas -Triggered retaliatory tariffs imposed by other countries -World trade fell 40% as a result |
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact
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-an agreement between 15 nations that renounced war as a national policy
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Charles Evans Hughes
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-Secretary of State under President Harding
-urged the five major naval powers – the US, Great Britain, Japan, France, and Italy – scrap many of their largest war ships |
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Clarence Darrow
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-Represented Scopes in the Scopes trial
-Argued in favor of teaching evolution in schools |
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William Jennings Bryan
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-Opposed the teaching of evolution in schools
-Represented the state of Tennessee in the Scopes trial -Favored Creationism |
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Charles Darwin
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Scientist who developed the theory of evolution
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William Borah
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Senator opposed to US entry into the League of Nations
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Billy Sunday
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-Fundamentalist preacher opposed to teaching evolution in the schools
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Warren G. Harding (Republican)
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-elected in 1920
-His presidential administration was beset by scandals, such as the Teapot Dome scandal -promoted a policy of ‘Normalcy’ in the years immediately after WW1 -favored isolationism -promoted conservatism -died in office |
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Calvin Coolidge (Republican)
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-Took over presidency after Harding died in office
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Herbert Hoover (Republican)
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-Secretary of State under Harding and Coolidge
-President of the US -elected in 1928 over Al Smith -Opposed direct intervention (relief) to help people after the stock market crash -urged businesses to share information because he felt it would lead to companies developing better products more efficiently. |
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Charles A. Lindbergh
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solo flight across the Atlantic for the first time in history
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George Gershwin
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-He was a composer of popular music during the 1920’s
-he merged traditional elements of music with jazz |
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Georgia O’Keeffe
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-She was a painter during the twenties
-her use of intense color focused on New York and on extreme close-ups of flowers |
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Sinclair Lewis
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-He was the first American to earn a Nobel Prize
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F. Scott Fitzgerald
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-His novel, The Great Gatsby and others revealed the negative side of the roaring twenties
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Edna St. Vincent Millay
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-her works of literature celebrated freedom, youth, and independence
-she tried to defend Sacco and Vanzetti |
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Ernest Hemingway
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-Nobel prize winning author who represented the lost generation with novels such as The Sun Also Rises and A Farewell to Arms.
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The election of 1920
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-Harding (Republican) defeated Cox (Democrat)
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The election of 1924
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Coolidge (Republican) defeated Davis (Democrat)
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The election of 1928
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Hoover (Republican) crushed Smith (Democrat)
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The election of 1932
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-Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Dem.) defeated Herbert Hoover (Rep.)
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Conservatism in the 1920’s
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-this era focused on ‘normalcy’ after the losses of WW 1 policies promoted during this era favored isolationism
-this era fostered an era of pro-business. -during this era, Tariffs were established to protect American businesses -immigration limits were imposed during this era -this era undermined issues addressed by the progressive movement -policies promoted during this era limited taxation on wealthy Americans -policies promoted during this era discouraged further rights for women |
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The Great Migration
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-a movement of black Americans from the rural south into northern cities
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Anarchists
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a group that opposed the establishment of any kind of government
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Immigrants
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-individuals who migrate to one nation from another
-these individuals were treated with increasing hostility during the 1920’s -Quotas limited the number of these people who were allowed to enter the US during the 1920’s; particularly those from southern and eastern Europe and those of Jewish or Roman Catholic faith |
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Sacco and Vanzetti
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-this pair of radical Italian immigrants was executed in the electric chair after being questionably convicted of robbery and murder
-many supporters of these men, including Edna St. Vincent Millay, believed they had been wrongfully convicted based on their status as immigrants and radicals |
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Problems after World War I
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-included violent labor strikes
-the Boston Police Strike -The Steel Mill Strike -the Coal Miners’ Strike -included bomb scares -included urban race riots -included food shortages |
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John L. Lewis
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-he was a hero to working people
-a powerful leader of the United Mine Workers of America -led the Coal Miners’ Strike -won a 27% wage increase for miners from President Wilson |
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Red Scare
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-a period during the 1920’s involving fear of the spread of Communism and mass suspicion of potential communists
-occurred in the US in the aftermath of the Bolshevik Revolution that established the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics |
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Palmer Raids
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-these were conducted following the Bolshevik Revolution
-led by US Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer and a young J. Edgar Hoover, agents of the federal government attempted to hunt down and prosecute suspected Communists, socialists, and anarchists, violating civil liberties in the process |
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Post WW1 isolationism
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-led to the rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and League of Nations.
-promoted by Senators Henry Cabot Lodge and William Borah -favored by conservative Republicans such as Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover |
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Economic inequality
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-this meant that many groups living in the US were unaffected by the economic
‘boom’ of the 1920’s -these groups included farmers, laborers, and immigrants |
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Roaring Twenties
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-Included a period of expanding popular culture including: jazz, ragtime, and blues, flappers (who were the unfortunate victims of a double standard that allowed men to act freely while questioning women
who did the same), fads, speakeasies, entertainment, sports heroes, and other celebrities. |
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Ku Klux Klan
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-members of this group hid their identity behind white sheets
-this group believed in white supremacy |
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Immigration Restriction League
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-this group tried to prevent people, particularly those from southern and
eastern Europe and those of the Jewish and Roman Catholic faith, from entering the US, and they believed in white supremacy |
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Henry Ford
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-this industrialist produced the first mass-produced automobile, the Model T
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The Teapot Dome Scandal
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This political problem involved Albert Fall, Secretary of the Interior under Herbert Hoover, who improperly leased oil-rich land to the Mammoth Oil
Company |
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Nativism
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-America’s fear of anarchists and communists
-Fear of future mail bombings by anarchists |