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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Leukemia |
Clonal proliferation of leukocytes primarily affecting blood and bone marrow |
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Leukemias are classified based on.... |
cell of origin and type of differentiation |
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Cell of origin for acute vs chronic leukemia |
Acute: proliferation involves immature precursor cells (blasts) {20%+ of cells are blasts} Chronic: proliferation involves more mature leukocytes |
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Type of differentiation - myeloid vs lymphocytic leukemia |
Myeloid: granulocytic precursors/granulocytes (can get erythrocytic/megakaryocytic leukemias, but not nearly as common) Lymphocytic: lymphocytic precursors/lymphocytes, either B or T |
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Lymphoma vs leukemia |
Lymphoma - mostly based in the lymph nodes Leukemia - usually seen first in the blood, mostly based in the blood |
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Acute leukemias typically require _____ AND ______ |
a block in differentiation AND abnormal proliferation |
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Chronic leukemias primarily driven by _____ |
abnormal proliferation |
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What does abnormal proliferation mean? |
Absence of normal physiologic stimuli Constitutive activation of growth signals Defective apoptosis Dysregulation of cell cycle |
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Clinical features of acute leukemia |
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WBC in acute leukemia |
Low, normal, or high (20% of blood or marrow nucleated cells are blasts) |
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Survival for acute leukemia |
Survival = weeks to months (rapid death) |
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Acute leukemia - high concentration of blasts - specifically acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
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Acute myeloid leukemia |
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Cell involved in what leukemia? |
Acute Myeloid Leukemia |
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Leukemia? Circled structure? |
Acute myeloid leukemia (due to underlying myelodysplasia) Auer rod |
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Acute promyelocytic leukemia |
-Special subtype of AML -Translocation of 15;17 (15 PML, 17 RARA) causes block in differentiation at the promyelocytic stage -Cells with abundant Auer rods -Treated with all-trans retinoic acid -Good prognosis but potential DIC from Auer rod/granule release |
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Leukemia type with these cells? |
Acute promyelocytic leukemia |
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Clinical features of chronic leukemias |
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma |
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Cell indicated? |
Smudge cell - chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma |
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Features on this slide? |
Lymphocyte nucleus appears much more clumpy than normal (soccer ball or turtle shell appearance) Smudge cells Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma |
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Hairy cell leukemia |
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Chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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Leukemia associated with this cell type? |
Hairy cell leukemia |
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Leukemia associated with this smear? |
Chronic myelogenous leukemia |
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Most chronic leukemias are of _____ cell origin |
B cell |