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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the procedure of nondiscriminative avoidance called
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Sidman avoidance
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What aspect of escape and avoidance involves the time between shocks produced by responses
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shock-shock
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What aspect of escape and avoidance involves the time away from shocks produced by responses
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response-shock
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In the treatment of self-injurious behavior, what is used to eliminate the need for physical restraint
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skin-shock treatment
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In terms of aversive stimuli, what are threats and failing grades considered
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conditioned
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In terms of aversive stimuli, what are attacks and foul odors considered
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primary
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If a wheel is running is a lower frequency operant, then how will wheel running effect drinking
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punish
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If a wheel is running is a higher frequency operant, then how will wheel running effect drinking
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reinforce
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Operant avoidance prevents respondent extinction
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operant-respondent interactions
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For learned helplessness, what effect does pre-exposure to escape to helplessness
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blocks
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For learned helplessness, what brings on helplessness
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inescapable aversive stimulation
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With regard to respondent aggression, Ulrich and Azrin, found the at the probability of attack for any single shock
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increase as the number of shocks went up
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Who discovered a game played by 18th century sailors that involved tying boys in a ring, telling each boy to hit another when he was hit, a slight tap on one boy
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Skinner
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In terms of dropping out, Sidman indicates that one basic element is
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escape due to negative reinforcement
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operant avoidance prevents respondent extinction
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negative punishment
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The time between shocks or the ______ interval and the time away from shocks produced by responses or the ______ interval are two aspects of escape and avoidance:
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shock-shock, response-shock
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Regarding the side effects of punishment, Solomon's (1969) solution is to
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search for rules or principles governing side effects
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In terms of operant-respondent interactions, persistence, and avoidance:
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operant avoidance prevents respondent extinction
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For learned helplessness, pre-exposure to escape ______ the helplessness brought on by ______ aversive stimulation:
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blocks, inescapable
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An event or stimulus that an organism evades, escapes, or avoids.
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aversive stimulus
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A negative reinforcement procedure in which the onset of a stimulus or event following behavior is prevented and the rate of response increases.
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avoidance
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The 'use of punishment and the threat of punishment to get others to act as we would like, and to our practice of rewarding people just by letting them escape from our punishments and threats'
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coercion
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An aversive stimulus that acquires its function based on a history of conditioning.
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conditioned aversive stimulus
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This is avoidance behavior emitted as a function of a warning stimulus.
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discriminated avoidance
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A negative reinforcement procedure in which an ongoing event or stimulus (shock) is removed and the rate of response increases.
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escape
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In this phenomenon, an animal is first exposed to inescapable and severe aversive stimulation (shocks), but eventually gives up
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learned helplessness
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These types of accounts of behavior are concerned with large-scale factors that regulate responding over a long period of time.
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molar perspective
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These types of accounts of behavior focus on small moment-to-moment relationships between behavior and its consequences.
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molecular perspective
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A procedure that involves the removal of an event or stimulus following behavior that has the effect of decreasing the rate of response.
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negative punishment
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Any event or stimulus that increases the probability (rate of occurrence) of an operant when it is removed (or prevented).
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negative reinforcer
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A procedure where a stimulus or event following behavior is removed (or prevented) and the rate of response increases.
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negative reinforcement
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A procedure used to train avoidance responding in which no warning stimulus is presented
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nondiscriminated avoidance (Sidman)
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Aggressive operant behavior that is reinforced by the removal of an aversive event.
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operant aggression
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A procedure that involves the presentation of an event or stimulus following behavior that has the effect of decreasing the rate of response.
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positive punishment
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An aversive stimulus that has acquired its properties as a function of species history.
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primary aversive stimulus
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A stimulus that decreases the frequency of an operant that produces it
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punisher
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As a procedure, following an operant with a punisher; also refers to a decrease in operant behavior when it is followed by a punisher or when reinforcement is withdrawn contingent on responding.
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punishment
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According to the Premack principle, a lower frequency operant will punish a higher frequency behavior. This is known as _____.
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relativity of punishment
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Aggression elicited by the presentation of an aversive stimulus or event.
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respondent aggression
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On an avoidance schedule, the time from a response that postpones shock to the onset of the aversive stimulus, assuming another response does not occur.
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response shock interval
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The scheduled time between shocks on an avoidance schedule.
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shock-shock interval
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A negative side effect of punishment in which the person who delivers punishment and the context become conditioned aversive stimuli.
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social disruption
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