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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
James I
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the first Stuart monarch who had agreed to rule according to English laws and customs but later clashes with Parliemant over money and foreign policy
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Charles I
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the next Stuart monarch who imprisoned his foes without trial and squeezed the nation for money
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Petition of Rights
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this prohibited the king (Charles I) from raising taxes without the consent of the Parliament or from imprisoning anyone without case
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Cavalier
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supporters of Charles I. many were wealthy nobles who were trained in dueling and warfare
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Roundhead
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the forces of Parliament that were composed of Country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy. they were called this because their hair was cut close around their heads
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Oliver Cromwell
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the Roundhead leader, a Puritan member of the lesser gentry, and a skilled general. he organized the "New Model Army" for Parliament into a disciplined fighting source
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Leveller
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a group that thought that poor men should have a say in government as a gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens
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English Bill of Rights
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bill that ensured the superiority of Parliament over the monarchy
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dissenter
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Protestant whose views and opinions differed with those of the Church of England
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habeas corpus
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principal that a person cannot be heald in prison without first being charged with a specific crime
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limited monarchy
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government in which a constitution or legislative body limits the monarch's power
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Peace of Westphalia
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a series of treaties that ends the Thirty Years War
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Maria Theresa
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the daughter of Charles VI who was the first women to have ruled in the Hapsburg lands
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War of the Australian Succession
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war between Maria Theresa and Frederick II
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Frederick the Great
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when king, he made a brilliant use of his disciplined army, forcing all to accept Prussia as a great power
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Seven Years War
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a wat that lasted 7 years and was fought on 4 continents
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elector
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one of seven German princes who would choose the Holy Roman emperor
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mercenary
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soldier serving in a foreign army for pay
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depopulation
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a reduction in population
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Peter the Great
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created the largest standing army in Europe and set out to extend Russian borders to the west and south
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St. Petersburg
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the capital of the land Peter won from Sweden. it became the great symbol of Peter's desire to forge a modern Russia
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Vitus Bering
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a Danish navigator whom Peter hired to explore what became known as the Bering Strait
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Catherine the Great
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a German princess by birth who learned Russian, embraced the Russian Orthodox faith, and won the loyalty of the people
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westernization
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adoption of western ideas, tachnology, and culture
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boyar
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landowning noble in Russia under the Czars
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warm-water port
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port that is free of ice all year
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partition
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to divide
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