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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Weathering
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The process of breaking down rocks over years, even centuries
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Rock Cycle
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The changing of rock
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Sedimentary Rock- how does it form?
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forms when sediments or the remains of tiny living things settle and harden
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Sedimentary Rock- what can it turn into?
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can turn into metamorphic rock when under great heat or pressure
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Metamorphic Rock- how does it form?
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forms underneath the earth's surface when under great heat or pressure
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Metamorphic Rock- what can it turn into?
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can melt into magma
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Igneous Rock- how does it form?
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forms when magma cools above/below the earth's surface
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Igneous Rock- what can it turn into?
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turn into metamorphic rock when under great heat or pressure or can melt into magma
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Mechanical Weathering
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the process of breaking down rocks into smaller pieces caused by temperature, water, wind, plants, animals, and catastrophic events
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Frost Wedging
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Occurs as water gets into cracks in the rock. Water freezes and expands, forcing the rock OUT of the ground
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Frost Heaving
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Occurs when water gets underneath a rock. As water freezes and expands, this forces the rock apart.
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Pressure Release
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rocks under great prssure will expand if the ground moves and the pressure is released
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Exfoliation
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sheets of rock peel away like an onion
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Abrasion
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occurs when rocks rub against eachother
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Plants
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roots get into cracks and cause the rock to split apart
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Animals
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burrow into ground moving rocks and causing them to be exposed to weathering
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Catastrophic Events
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fires/floods
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Chemical Weathering
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changes rocks into different substances
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Oxidation
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when oxygen in the air combines with metals in the rocks
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Acid Rain
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srtonger chemicals in the air mixing with water (rain)
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Lichens/Moss
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attatch to rocks and give off a mild acid that further breaks down rocks into soil
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God's Plan
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God uses mechanical and chemical weathering to break down rocks into soil, replinishing the minerals int the soil that are needed by plants
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Caves
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formed by mechanical (water, wind, waves) and chimical weathering
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Stalagtites
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hang down from the top of the cave like icicles (hang on "tite")
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Stalagmites
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grow up from the ground (push up with all their "mite")
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Column
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when a stalagtite and stalagmite meet and grow together
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Drip Curtain
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water seeps in along a crack in the cave wall and hardens
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Spelunker
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someone who explores caves
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Soil
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loose material at the surface of the earth made up of minerals, particles of rocks, and humus
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Pedologists
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scientists who study soil
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Sand
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largest kind of particle
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Clay
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smallest kind of particle
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Slit
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tiny particle, allows water and air to mix in the soil
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Texture
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what kinds of particles in the soil, important to farming
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Soil Horizon
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layers of the soil
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O Horizon
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leaf litter and humus
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A Horizon
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topsoil
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B Horizon
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subsoil
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C Horizon
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larger fragments of bedrock
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R Horizon
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bedrock
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Pslam 95:4
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"In His hand are the depths of the earth; the heights the mountains are also."
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