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448 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
CHLORINE GAS IS LIGHTER OR HEAVIER THAN AIR? |
2 1/2 times heavier than air |
|
What color is chlorine gas? |
Greenish-yellow |
|
A fuse plug melts at? |
158-165 F. |
|
A ONE TON CYLINDER CONTAINS HOW MANY FUSE PLUGS? |
6 fuse plugs |
|
Where should an exhaust vent be located in a chlorinated room? |
No higher than12" above the floor. |
|
What ph does the ph scale start and end? |
0 - 14ph |
|
WHAT PH IS CONSIDERED NEUTRAL ON THE PH SCALE? |
7ph is considered neutral |
|
How does disinfection differ from sterilization? |
Disinfection in activates material, Sterilization kills ALL material. |
|
Chlorine plus ammonia creates? |
Chloramine |
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How do you check for chlorine leaks? |
Ammonia vapors which create a white cloud. |
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The minimum free chlorine residual required in a system is? |
0.5 ppm *parts per million |
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What is breakpoint chlorination? |
Where chlorine demand ends and chlorine residual begins |
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Water and sewer mains should be horizontally ___ feet and vertically ____ inches? |
6 ft 18 inches |
|
The BEST way to prevent backflow is? |
AIR GAP |
|
THM stands for? |
Trihalomethanes |
|
Is a ph of 5 considered a base or an acid? |
Acid |
|
A ph of 8 is considered a alkaline(base) or an acid? |
Alkaline |
|
Proper operating leakage for a pump stuffing box is? |
1 drip a sec/ 60 drips per minute |
|
The reagent used to determine pH with a colorimeter is? |
PHENOL RED |
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The term used when a tree returns water to the atmosphere is? |
Transpiration |
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Does (surface) or (ground) water usually have a higher concentration of dissolved solids? |
Ground |
|
A rotten egg odor in water indicates? |
Hydrogen sulfide |
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The zeolite softening process is regenerated using? |
Brine (wich is salt water) |
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Lime is used to (raise) or (lower) the pH of water? |
Raise |
|
Manganese greensand filters are used to remove? |
Iron, manganese |
|
What is aeration used for? |
Tast and odor control |
|
What is aeration? |
The mechanical process of mixing air and water |
|
What is anthracite used for? |
Filter media |
|
How often shall valves be operated? |
Once a year (annually) |
|
Why is fluoride added to water? |
To reduce dental cavities in young children |
|
What is the desired amount of fluoride in water? |
1.0 ppm (parts per million) |
|
Name two common Chemicals used to fluoride water? |
Sodium fluoride, Hydrofluosilic Acid |
|
New lines must be sanitized using a least ___ ppm chlorine for at least ____ hours? |
50ppm 3hours |
|
A submersible pump is usually a ___ stage type of pump |
Multi-stage |
|
Which comes first, flocculation or coagulation? |
Coagulation |
|
What is alum and ferric chloride used for? |
Coagulation chemicals |
|
What is the cone of depression? |
The conical shaped curve of the dewatered area from The static level to the pumping level also known as draw down area |
|
What does Osha stand for? |
Occupational safety and health administration of 1970 |
|
What is LEL and UEL? |
Lower explosive limit Upper explosive limit |
|
Protective shoring is required in excavations? |
5ft deep or more |
|
Cavitation in a pump is caused by? |
Water vaps boiling in a pump due to low vapor pressure inside pump |
|
What is a lantern ring? |
Provides lube for packing |
|
The most common maintenance required by a gate valve is? |
Packing |
|
What is a multimeter used for? |
Measuring multiple electrical units voltage,amperage, resistance |
|
What is the advantage of three-phase motors? |
Efficiency is usually higher and motors require less maintenance |
|
What is GFI? |
Ground fault circuit interuptor |
|
What is megohmmeter used for? |
Used to test motor windings for shorts |
|
What is a decibel? |
Measure of sound |
|
What is DPD (n,n-diethyl-p-phenylene-diamine) used for? |
For measuring free or combined chlorine residual in the field |
|
Three packing rings should be staggered how far part? |
120 degrees |
|
What is rotameter? |
Measures flow rate ,gas or fluid |
|
What is a tube settler? |
Aids in sedimentation |
|
What is grab sample? |
Single source sample |
|
No more than ___lbs of chlorine per day should be pulled from a 150lb bottle. |
40lbs |
|
A jar test is used to determine? |
Detention time mixing conditions and settling conditions Used as an indicator to determine dosages for coagulation/flocculation process |
|
What is a hypochlorinator? |
Feeds liquid chlorine bleach |
|
The operator certification act is act ____ of the year 19___ title ___ section____? |
Act 538 year 1972 title 48 section 40 |
|
How is a public community water supply defined? |
15 service connections or 25 or more people per year |
|
What is the minimum pressure allowed in water lines? |
20psi |
|
What is the minimum chlorine contact time? |
30minutes |
|
How high should these extend above ground level? Well casing___ well vent _____ |
Well casing 12" well vent 24" |
|
The casing grouting for a community supply well should extend? |
Ground surface to the top of aquifer |
|
___________ is considered to be an indicator bacteria. |
Coliform |
|
Wells must be located at least ___ft for a sanitary sewer. |
50ft |
|
How often must a pH meter be calibrated? |
Daily (and if online weekly) |
|
What is one advantage of ductile-iron pipe? |
Will bend a little before breaking |
|
What is one advantage of pvc pipe? |
Resists corrosion, smooth bore |
|
How often should routine coliform samples be taken from a non-transient non-community system serving 75 people?_____ how many samples must be taken each monitoring period?_____ |
Monthly 1sample |
|
List three types of water storage facilities. |
Clear well Standpipe Elevated tank |
|
Cloudy water is said to be _______ water? |
Turbid |
|
Small water meter have an accuracy of? |
98.5% |
|
Large meters have an accuracy of? |
97% |
|
What is a dead end? |
No through flow |
|
Potable means? |
Safe to drink, drinkable |
|
The disadvantage of chloramine is? |
Not as effective as chlorine |
|
What type of sample is used for coliform sampling.. Grab or composite? |
Grab |
|
What is a coupon used for? |
To determine corrosivity of water |
|
A fully opened chlorine bottle is ____ turn(s) |
1 turn |
|
Chlorine repair kit "A" is used for? |
150lb cylinders |
|
Back siphonage can be prevented by using a? |
Back flow prevention- vacuum breaker |
|
"C.T." Valve means |
Chlorine residual x Contact time |
|
Chlorine dioxide is made by mixing __________ and __________? |
Sodium chlorite and chlorine |
|
Why is ozone made on site? |
Unstability |
|
Chlorine is very corrosive when mixed with? |
Water |
|
A multistage pump can create a large amount of? |
(head) pressure |
|
Pump curves include horsepower, efficiency, and? |
Flow data |
|
A piston pump is a? |
Positive displacement pump |
|
Over lubrication can cause bearings in a centrifugal pump to_______? |
Fail-overheat |
|
An aquifer is? |
A natural underground layer of porous water bearing materials usually capable of yielding large quantities of water via wells and springs |
|
Percolation is? |
The process by which water moves downward through the soil |
|
Ladders must be no more than ____ ft from a worker in an excavation. |
25ft |
|
Sampling points must be made in coordination with? |
LDH regional office |
|
Water must stay in the line_____ hr before sampling for lead? |
6hrs |
|
What can cause water to be corrosive? |
pH Oo (oxygen) Co2 (chlorine) |
|
Three nuisance organism are? |
Crenothrix, nematodes, and Blood worms |
|
What type of storage is used for filter plant? |
Clear well |
|
Two reasons for water meters? |
Generate revenue , determine water loss |
|
Fire hydrants In main lines should be located ______ ft apart? |
500ft |
|
The most commonly used pipe joint is? |
Push on joint |
|
What can cause water hammer? |
(Momentum change) The surge or wave resulting when water in motion is forced to suddenly stop or change direction |
|
"CFR" stands for? |
Code of federal regulations |
|
EPA stands for |
Environmental protection agency |
|
Thrust blocks are? |
Concrete block used to keep lines from moving |
|
The type of fire hydrant most often used is the ______ barrell? |
Dry barrell |
|
Road signs in work zones should be _______ ft apart? |
200 feet apart |
|
Minimum size main line for a fire hydrant is _____ inches |
6inches |
|
Minimum size main line for areas not requiring fire protection? |
3 in |
|
Use only (treated) or (raw water) when backwashing a filter? |
Treated water |
|
List the 5 steps of water treatment |
Coagulation Flocculation Sedimentation Filtration Disinfection |
|
Valves should be located ______ sides of a underwater crossing, how deep should the line be buried under the crossing _____ ft? |
Both 5ft |
|
A ladder must be used in excavations deeper than ____ft and should extend above how many _____ ft? |
4ft 3ft above |
|
Shut off valves on main lines shall be every _____ft |
1000ft |
|
__________ collects as a direct runoff from precipitation. |
Surface water |
|
_________________ requires land use planning and control of development activities on private and public land to enable control of contaminate sources such as fuel and auto repair stations industrial sites, dry cleaners, etc. |
EPA wellhead protection |
|
The well owner must submit the required forms and drawings all approved by an engineer to the ________ to obtain the required permit prior to beginning drilling. |
LDH (louisiana department of health local regional office) |
|
How far must a water well at least be from an oxidation pond or a land fill? |
100ft |
|
How far must a water well be from another well? |
25ft |
|
A groundwater community system or non community system serving a hospital shall have at least ___ active operating wells or an approved connection to another supply to assure continuity of service. |
2 operating wells |
|
_____________ valve allows well to be effectively rinsed out and ensures that the gravel pack is effectively placed. |
Wash down valve |
|
To avoid contamination gravel for gavel pack must be disinfected with a chlorine solution of ____mg/l before installation to the well. |
50mg/l |
|
The level of water in a well that is not being pumped? |
(SWL) static water level |
|
The level of the water in a well being pumped? |
(PWL) pumping water level |
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The difference between the static water level and the pumping water level? |
(DD) DRAW DOWN |
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Wells must have smooth bib _________________ facing down located between the discharge head and the check valve. |
Sample taps |
|
Casing depth in a well must extend _____ft below ground |
50ft |
|
Well vent casing must be vented with a vent with a diameter of ____inch. Minimum must be at least ____inch above ground. |
1/2inch and 24in above ground |
|
New and renovated wells must be disinfected with a chlorine solution of ______ mg/l and checked for _________ before returning to use |
50mg/L , coliform |
|
What is dnr? |
(department of natural resources) |
|
__________ pump has an impeller rotating in a casing spinning water at high speed. The shaft is mounted on sleeve, ball or roller bearings. |
Centrifugal |
|
_______________ pump, using a venturi to create suction and "pump water with water". |
Jet pump |
|
__________ pump is used to feed liquid chemicals. A tube is squeeze by a rotor. |
Peristaltic pump |
|
___________ pump used to feed chemicals. Stroke and frequency can be adjusted. |
Metering pump |
|
__________ pumps are used as booster pumps. |
Rotary pump |
|
At least 75% of centrifugal pump troubles trace to the _______ side. |
Suction side |
|
The maximum vertical "suction lift" that a pump is capable of is ______ ft |
34feet |
|
Having multiple stages in a pump increases ________ pressure. |
Head pressure |
|
What is SCADA |
Supervisory control and data acquisition |
|
The portion of a machine, which contains the stationary (non moving) parts and the windings that surround the moving parts. |
Stator |
|
The rotating part of a machine that is surrounded by the stationary parts of the machine. |
Rotor |
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Devices used to hold the rotor and stator of a motor in position. |
End bells |
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Frequent starts and stops on a motor that is running hot is known as? |
Jogging |
|
LDH requires all community water systems and any non community water system serving a hospital to have some form of standby emergency power to assure uninterrupted water production for a minimum of __________ hrs during any loss of utility power. |
72hrs or 3days |
|
Storage tanks should be operated according to the design engineer's and manufacturers specifications and should be inspected ________. |
Annually |
|
Discharge screen shall be of _________ mesh on ground level storage. |
24mesh |
|
Elevated tank and standpipe discharge screen shall be ___mesh or finer. |
4mesh |
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Provide properly functioning overflow piping with downward dishcharge ____________inches above ground to prevent structural damage from overfilling or ice buildup. |
12-24inches |
|
_____________ storage facility used to store filtered water from a treatment plant prior to it being pumped to the system. located above or below ground level and may be concrete, steel and may be circular or rectangular. |
CLEAR WELL |
|
__________________ storage facility located above or below ground level. Their diameter is greater than their height. |
Ground level reservoirs |
|
Elevated tanks with riser pipes over ___in diameter shall have protective bars over the riser opening inside the tank. |
8"inch |
|
______________ under the US DOTD requires and regulates obstruction marking and lighting on elevated water towers and other structures that create a hazard in navigable airspace. |
FEDERAL AVAITION ADMINISTRATION (FAA) |
|
Structures extending _____ft above ground level are considered obstructions and require navigation lighting. |
200ft |
|
_________ tanks are used for control of water hammer. |
Surge tanks |
|
Louisiana State Sanitary Code, Part 12 states that the minimum system pressure allowed is ____ psi. |
20psi |
|
_______ approval is required for interconnections with neighboring potable water systems. |
LDH (LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH) |
|
_______________ refers to pipe thickness |
Schedule xx |
|
State sanitary code part 12 requires hydrostatic testing of new water lines to a pressure of ______ times system pressure or _____ psi whichever is greater and holding for _______ hours. |
2times 150psi 4hours |
|
__________ valves that open to release trapped air in high spots of mains to reduce restrictions. |
Air Relief valve |
|
Air relief valve discharge shall be screened and pointed downward at least _____ft above the ground. |
1ft |
|
__________ handheld meter used to measure hydrant flow. |
Pilot tube |
|
LA State Sanitary Code Part XII states that back flow preventers and vacuum breakers must be tested _______. |
Yearly |
|
Minimum flushing velocity on mains ______ft/sec but ________ft/sec is ideal and prefered. |
2.5ft/sec 5.0ft/sec |
|
A 150lb cylinder contains how many fuse plugs? |
1fuse plug |
|
_________ Is the gathering together process where large paddles, turbines, or propellers slowly and gently mix water. Usually occurs in a compartmentalizd basin separated by baffles to prevent short circuiting. |
Flocculation |
|
For proper coagulation, pH of the water must be maintained within a range of ___ to ____. |
5-7pH |
|
________ is a physical and chemical reaction that occurs between waters alkalinity and the coagulant. |
Coagulation |
|
If raw water alkalinity is too low to produce complete precipitation of aluminum, a coagulation aid like ________________ or __________ may be added to increase the alkalinity. |
Calcium carbonate (lime) Or soda ash |
|
What is the most common coagulation aid? |
Lime |
|
The detention time of water in the flocculation process is usually __________min for water that flows to conventional filtration. |
30minutes |
|
The total transit time through a treatment plant can vary from ____ to over _____ hours depending on the amount of water being treated. |
2hrs to over 6hrs |
|
Chemical feed systems should be calibrated at least _______ per shift to assure proper feed rate. |
Once |
|
________ is the process where the water being treated flows very slowly and evenly through a large tank or basin. The heavy floc which is made up of clumps of particles formed by coagulation gradually settle out of the water being treated by gravity. |
Sedimentation |
|
The ___________ can be discharged to a sanitary sewer if approved. |
Alum sludge |
|
Four zones of a sedimentation basin? |
Inlet zone Settling zone Outlet zone Sludge zone |
|
A water-bearing geographic zone composed of material deposited by losing rivers is a/an? |
Alluvial aquifer |
|
The amount of water in a water-bearing formation depends on the? |
Porosity of the formation |
|
A well screen must be installed for what type of materials? |
Unconsolidated materials |
|
Which of the following is colorless, odorless, found mainly in groundwater and can cause cancer? |
Radon |
|
How can an operator determine if a well has been properly disinfected? |
Well sample passes bacteriological test |
|
How can an operator determine that there is power coming to a switch box? |
Checking for incoming power source with a voltmeter |
|
What could be the cause of high pressure in a pump discharge line? |
Valve failure |
|
What is the purpose of priming? |
Replacing air with water inside the pump |
|
What is the greatest problem for most distribution system shutoff valves? |
Lack of operation |
|
What is the maximum theoretical suction lift of a centrifugal pump at sea level? |
34ft |
|
What condition could cause backflow in a distribution system? |
Negative pressure |
|
Why are properly functioning vents essential in storage facilities? |
To prevent pressure developing in the Reservoir when it fills or vacuum when it empties or is drained |
|
What does the "C" factor of a pipe refer to? |
Smoothness |
|
What is the name of the pipe that serves as the inlet/outlet to an elevated tank? |
Riser |
|
For best results the minimum flushing velocity when unidirectional flushing is? |
5ft/sec |
|
Hydropneumatic pressure tanks should have roughly..... |
66% water and 33% air |
|
What is cross connection? |
Connection between a drinking water system and an unapproved supply |
|
Which backflow prevention device has a center relief valve? |
Reduced-pressure assembly |
|
A type of large flow meter is a? |
Velocity meter |
|
State Sanitary Code title 51; part 12 requires at least ____ units for systems using solid contact units, each designed to handle the plants capacity alone. |
2 units |
|
_________ The process of reversing the flow through the filter media causing it to expand or "fluidize" roughly 50% of its normal volume which removes entrapped solids. |
Backwash |
|
An option to conventional filtration where the water under pressure is pushed through hollow filter membranes incased in chambers. |
Microfiltration |
|
The _________ or ___________ index help determine corrosistity. |
Ryznar Langelier |
|
__________ and _______ are considered the most corrosive components of a water. |
Dissolved oxygen Carbon dioxide |
|
_________, __________ added to water with low hardness and alkalinity. |
Quiklime Hydrated lime |
|
____________, _____________ added to water with high hardness and alkalinity. |
Caustic soda Soda ash |
|
A chemical process of breaking down the cause of taste and odor. |
Oxidation |
|
Most common complaint of red water and bitter taste. |
Iron |
|
What causes brown or black particles in water. |
Manganese |
|
Water Treatment chemicals must be approved for use by ________ or ___________. |
AWWA EPA |
|
What is awwa? |
American water works association |
|
What type of meter determines the total flow by multiplying the flow through the meter by a factor? |
Proportional meter |
|
Which Meter is based on the doppler effect? |
Ultrasonic meter |
|
A fire hydrant must have an ___________ installed between it and the main? |
Auxiliary valve |
|
When using a power valve operator to open or close a distribution valve, it's best to? |
Do the last few turns manually |
|
True or false push joints should not be used if the pipe must be pushed on at an angle? |
True |
|
What is the purpose of a booster pump? |
To supply water to an elevated storage tank |
|
What is the main function of a regulator station? |
To reduce pressure and maintain an even pressure downstream from a high pressure system |
|
How can sudden pollutants be discovered in a raw water supply? |
Constant monitoring of raw water |
|
What measure of materials opposition to the flow of electric current? |
Ohms |
|
Copper sulfate is used in surface water reservoirs to control? |
Algae |
|
Higher dissolved oxygen is generally found in colder or hotter water? |
Colder water |
|
What is the main characteristic of raw water that enables blue-green algae to grow? |
Presence of nutrients |
|
The most common complaints are taste, odor, and? |
Color |
|
What is the most important test to indicate proper sedimentation? |
Turbidity |
|
Which effect will caustic soda have on water? |
Increase the pH |
|
What is the purpose of coagulation facilities? |
Promote growth of particles |
|
In conventional flocculation, the average time to develop easy floc particles is? |
30minutes |
|
What is the most important function of a filter underdrain system? |
Uniformly distribute backwash water |
|
If a filter is operated with the pressure in the bed less than atmospheric, short filter runs can occur because of a condition known as? |
Air binding |
|
How should a slow sand filter be filled with water after cleaning? |
Fill the tank from the bottom through the underdrain system with filtered water |
|
Which membrane type has the smallest pore spaces? |
Reverse osmosis |
|
What factor can affect the settling rate of particles? |
Particle size |
|
How can the lack of dissolved oxygen in the water in a dead-end cause water quality problems? |
Foul sulfide odors are produced |
|
What chemical can be used to soften water through chemical precipitation? |
Calcium hydroxide also known as hydrate lime |
|
Which corrosion inhibitor is most effective in controlling lead in the distribution system water? |
Orthophosphates |
|
Which of the following will least likely increase soil corrosiveness? High acidity Low soil moisture content High alkalinity Presence of sulfate |
Low soil moisture content |
|
Water corrosion in metal piping will increase if? |
Total dissolved solids are high and pH is below 7.0 |
|
What metals are most likely to leach from home plumbing and cause a possible health hazard? |
Lead and copper |
|
Which of the following is a required treatment technique for the control of lead? |
Corrosion control |
|
The least reactive metals are called? |
Cathodic |
|
Special care should be taken when using dry Alum and quicklime because if mixed together? |
Explosive hydrogen gas may be released |
|
What method is used to determine compliance for total coliform? |
Presence-absence method |
|
A coliform sample analyzed using presence-absence method should be incubated for? |
24 & 48 hrs @ 35° c |
|
Autoclaves will sterilize with? |
With steam at 121 degrees C and 15 psi |
|
Which problem has consistently caused more waterborne disease outbreaks in the US than any other? |
Contamination from backflow through cross connections |
|
What is the purpose of disinfection of water? |
The selective destruction of pathogenic organisms |
|
Four log removal is? |
99.99% |
|
Which of the following is typically associated with trihalomethanes? High carbon dioxide in surface waters Surface water high in organics Water with organics that has been chlorinated Groundwater of surface water in higher organics |
Water with organics that has been chlorinated |
|
What disinfectant is most effective and persistent against biofilms? |
Chloramines |
|
What chemical is present in a bacteria sample bottle to neutralize the chlorine? |
Sodium thiosulfate |
|
What is the most important task when shutting down a hypo chlorinator? |
Turn off water supply pump to avoid contaminating system |
|
Generally, all chemical compounds can be divided into what two main groups? |
Organics and inorganics |
|
What does alkalinity of a water sample measure? |
Capacity to neutralize acids |
|
What chemicals will raise ph? |
Soda ash Lime |
|
pH is a measure of? |
Hydrogen ion concentration |
|
What is the difference between a weak acid and a strong acid? |
The amount of hydrogen ions realesed |
|
What is the purpose for the coliform bacteria test? |
Test for potential presence of pathogens |
|
What is the recommended minimum contact time when disinfecting water mains with the chlorine slug method? |
3hrs |
|
What is the usual strength of available chlorine in sodium hypochlorite? |
5-15% |
|
What do water distribution system operators do? |
Make water distribution system facilities do their intended job |
|
What is ultraviolet ray's limitation of use for disinfection of waters conveyed in the distribution system? |
Lack of measurable residual |
|
Why is drinking water chlorinated past breakpoint? |
To produce free available chlorine that can and will react if needed |
|
What can be used by an operator to test for chlorine residual? |
DPD (N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine |
|
Why should you never add water to acid? |
Acid could splash all over you |
|
In water treatment sequester means? |
Join one chemical to another to prevent precipitation |
|
Why should the water supply pump turn off while the hypo chlorinater is briefly shut down? |
To avoid pumping unchlorinated water into the distribution system |
|
If ammonia vapor passed over a chlorine leak, the presence of the leak is indicated by a? |
White cloud |
|
A fuse plug on a chlorine cylinder melts at? |
158-165 degrees F |
|
What is the purpose of a vacuum regulator? |
Stop chlorine gas flow if a leak develops |
|
Why should a positive water pressure always be maintained in the water distribution system? |
To protect systems from entrance of toxic substances |
|
Where can operators find info regarding hazardous substances? |
From the safety data sheets |
|
What does scada stand for? |
Supervisory control and data acquisition |
|
What does mclg stand for? |
Maximum containment level goal |
|
What happens when moisture combines with chlorine gas? |
Corrosive hydrochloric acid will be produced |
|
Why should sawdust never be used as an absorbent? |
Because it is combustible |
|
What is the cause of most work area accidents on streets and highways? |
Lack of proper advance warning, signing, and guidance |
|
What information must be on a warning tag attached to a locked-out switch? |
Name of person who locked out the switch |
|
When lifting heavy objects, which part of the body should bear the bulk of the physical effort? |
Legs |
|
Why must lubricants and fuels be stored in a separate facility from other storage areas? |
Because of the potential fire hazard |
|
If noise levels cannot be controlled within acceptable limits what must operators do? |
Wear approved earplugs |
|
A class "B" fire extinguisher is used for ____ fires? |
Flammable liquids |
|
Which of the following does not define a confined space? Large enough for entry Limited entry/exit Slippery floor surface Not designed for continuous occupancy |
Slippery floor surface |
|
Generally, a trench should be no more than __ feet wider than the diameter of the pipe? |
1-2ft |
|
The Safe Water Drinking Act was signed into law in? |
December 1974 |
|
What mandates the language and methods of public notification? |
Us environmental protection agency (epa) |
|
What are the right-to-know laws? |
Laws that control all aspects of hazardous material handling and use |
|
Chemical analysis records should be kept for a minimum of? |
10 years |
|
What determines the number of samples a utility must collect for lead and copper rule monitoring? |
System size |
|
What is the purpose of cost-of-service or rate study? |
To establish fair and equitable rates |
|
What type of rate structure promotes water conservation? |
Uniform rate structure |
|
What is act 538; Title 48; Section 40 of the year 1972? |
The Louisiana Operator Certification Act |
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The ratio of expanse for chlorine gas is? |
1:450 |
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What act requires continuous monitoring of turbidity? |
Sdwa (safe drinking water act) |
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What is considered parasites? |
Guardia Cryptosporidium Naegleria fowleri (brain-eating amoeba) |
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Name bacteria that can be found in water? |
Salmonella Dysentery Typhoid Cholera Newgela |
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Name two virus considered pathogenic organisms. |
Polio Hepatitis |
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SDWA establishes an upper limit mcl of roughly no more than ___ organism per 100 ml of sample water |
1 organism |
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Meter calibration records must be kept for ___ years. |
3 years |
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Calcium hypochlorite (hth) is ____% chlorine by volume commonly referred to as swimming pool chlorine. |
65% |
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Sodium hypochlorite (bleach ) liquid form is ________% chlorine be volume |
5-15% |
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Valve in chlorinator head that opens on vacuum and prevents water from backing up into the cylinder. |
Diaphragm valve |
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Hypochlorinators feed liquid chlorine solutions with a ________ day supply. |
2-3day |
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Daily chlorine residual records for a facility meeting the ground water rule 4 log treatment requirements must be kept and sent to LDH by the ______ of each month. |
10th |
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Daily chlorine and plant operation records must be kept for ____ years and made available for reveiw by LDH during a sanitary Survey. |
10 years |
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Tanks can be sprayed with ______ppm concentration chlorine. |
200ppm |
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To collect samples representative of the distribution system from service taps, first ________ the service line. |
Flush |
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Lead and copper rule requires what kind of sampling? |
First draw (first flush) |
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As of April 1, 2015, the _____ laboratories switched to "_____" sample bottles for bacteriological sample collection. |
LDH IDEXX |
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Louisiana Sate Sanitary Code Part XII states when testing for coliform 40 or more sample per month. No more than ___ may be positive for coliform. Less than 40 per month, no more than ___ positive. |
5% 1 |
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_____% of industrial accidents are caused by slips and falls. |
25% |
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Oxygen deficiency is _____% |
<19.5% |
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Oxygen enrichment is ______% |
>23.5% |
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To move 150 lb cylinder to and from its service location you can by _________________. Then use a dolly to transport it any distance. |
Rolling it upright on its bottom edge. |
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Chlorine cylinder repair kits is A kit-______(red) B kit-______(yellow) C kit-______(green) |
150lb cylinder 1 ton cylinder Rail car tank |
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Always use a ________ each time a cylinder head is removed/replaced. |
New gasket |
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Class a fire extinguishers are for? |
Combustible such as paper and wood |
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Class c extinguishers are for? |
Electrical fires |
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State Sanitary Code Part 12 states an operator must be able to respond on site to any part of his system within ______? |
1 hour |
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An act passed by congress in 1974 which established a cooperation program among local, state, and federal agencies to ensure safe drinking water for consumers. |
SDWA (safe drinking water act) |
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Part _______ of _________________ must be posted in written form in plant. |
PART 12 OF STATE SANITARY CODE |
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If a routine tcr sample tests positive for total coliform. The system must within 24hrs of notification resample the tcr tap and collect ___ repeat samples located within ______ service connections one upstream and one downstream of that routine sample site. |
2 sample 5 service connections |
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________ has modified the total coliform rule under the state sanitary code, chapter 12 to ensure that water in all points in the disrubtion system has a sufficient minimum disinfectant residual concentration to control the Amoeba Nagleria Fowleri. |
LDH |
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Routine total coliform rule (tcr) samples shall not be collected at the same poc (point of contact) more than ___ monthly. |
Once |
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If a source water sample returns fecal positive, the source must be resampled for fecal with ____ consecutive samples. |
5 |
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Systems with ______ or more customers must monitor for disinfection continously. |
3300 |
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Lead and copper rule targets homes with lead solder installed ___________ and before the lead band, homes with lead piping or homes with lead services. |
After 1982 |
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Must have at least _____ ft climb resistant fence around all wells, filter buildings, etc. |
6ft |
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________________ prevents contamination from surface or shallow waters from entering the well. |
Conductor casing |
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__________ a microbial growth occurring over a surface of well screens is a common cause of reduced production. |
Biofouling |
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The distance from the center of the well to the outer limits of the cone of depression. |
Radius of influence |
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Well vents must be covered with a ______ corrosion resistant screen. |
24mesh |
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________________ under the ground water resources program manages the states water well construction and abandonment records. |
Louisiana Department of natural resources |
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_____________ pump has a rotating spiral shaft. |
Progressive cavity (screw) pump |
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___________ a check valve at the bottom of a pump that closed when the pump stops to hold a prime on the pump. |
Foot valve |
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A maximum suction lift at sea level has an atmospheric pressure of ______ psi. |
14.7psi |
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As water tends to be sucked back from pressure to suction through the space between the impeller and the casing, replaceable __________ are added to plug this internal leakage and protect the pump body. |
Wear rings |
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Used to determine the design performance range in which a pump should be operated within. |
Pump performance curve |
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A pump should not run without first being ________. |
Primed |
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Most pumps are provided with a valve called a __________ to allow trapped air to escape until water flows from the vent. |
Bleeder valve |
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The electrical pressure available to cause a flow or current. |
Volts |
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Measurement of current or electronic flow and is an indication of work being done or "how hard electricity is working." |
Amps |
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Unit of measurement of the rate at which power is being used or generated. |
Watts |
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Three phase motors usually are protected by _____________. |
Overload relays |
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Type of motor controller that varies an electric motors speed (RPM's) by varying the voltage and frequency supplied to it. Used to vary water production from a pump. |
Variable frequency drive (VFD) |
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Machines most commonly used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. |
Electric motor |
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Motors may be cleaned using compressed air at a maximum pressure of ________. |
50psi |
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Maximum monetary load placed on a water production or treatment facility. |
Peak demand |
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Total demand in a period divided by the number of units in that period. |
Average demand |
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Properly functioning freeze protected _______ are required to prevent rupture from an overpressure condition or a collapse from a vacuum condition. |
Vents |
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Calcium carbonate is? |
Lime |
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_________ ponds privide only flood control with a limited discharge. They are referred to as dry ponds. |
Detention ponds |
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____________ ponds hold a permanent pool of water and discharge via an overflow. They are referred to as wet ponds. |
Retention ponds |
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A valve used for isolation on mains. |
gate valve |
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Valve commonly used in filter plants. Only one quarter turn to close or open. |
Butterfly valve |
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Valve used primarily for flow regulation and pressure control. |
Globe valve |
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Valve used to permit flow in only one direction. |
Check valve |
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Type of globe valve used on elevated tanks (should be located above ground) |
Elevated tank altitude valve |
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_____________ in elevated tank trigger the pump to turn on when the water level drops to a low point and triggers the pump off when tank reaches full. |
Float switches |
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_______________ and isolation valve shall be at least as large as the hydrant. |
Hydrant lead (leg) |
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Hydrants shall be inspected ______. |
Once a year |
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Allows the hydrant upper assembly to "break away" from the lower barrell if hit by a vehicle. |
Break-away hydrant |
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As per State Sanitary Code Part 12, the break-away flange shall be located ________ above ground. |
2 inches |
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________ are installed on meters that allow for remote reading. This can be via drive-by, cellular, or satellite. |
Transponder |
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___________ meters that have a small meter for normal flow and a large meter which opens if flow demand increases. |
Compound meters (fire flow) |
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A process or pre-determining pipe sequences to be individually flushed and a specific sequence of valves to be operated to create the highest possible velocity of clean water in each pipe sequence for an estimated time duration. |
Unidirectional flushing (UDF) |
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Taste and odor problems are most noticeable in ______ water supply. |
Hot |
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_____________ Is used to draw in water while preventing leaves, debris and aquatic life from clogging or damaging pumps, pipes and other pieces of equipment in the treatment plant. |
Intake structure screen (trash rack) |
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Water leaving the sedimentation process via the weirs then flows to the __________ process. |
Filtration |
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Typical backwash flow rates range from ____to____ gpm/sqft of media surface area. |
10 to 25 gpm/sqft |
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Electrochemical corrosion caused by the joining of dissimilar metals. |
GALVANIC |
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The gradual decomposition of material by chemical action as it reacts with water. |
Corrosion |
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List Filteration alternatives from least to most effective. |
Microfiltration 0.1 Ultrafiltration 0.01 Nanofiltration 0.001 Reverse osmosis 0.0001 |
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Neither _______ or ___________ filtration can remove dissolved substances unless they are first absorbed (with activated carbon) or coagulation (with Alum or iron salts). |
Microfiltration Ultrafiltration |
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Corrosion control chemicals should be fed ______ filtration and before, during, or after post-chlorination. |
After |
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_________- taste and odor removal by addition of materials that the taste and odor will attach themselves to. |
Adsorption |
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The most common t&o control technique used in this country. |
Powered activated carbon (PAC) technique |
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Mottling of teeth (brown deposits) occurs when the fluoride level exceeds about ______mg/L. |
1.5mg/L |
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Fluoridation chemicals must meet ________ specifications. |
AWWA (AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION) |
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All fluoridation chemicals have a pH of _____ and poisonous at high levels. |
1.2 |
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Most commonly used fluoridation chemical. |
Hydroflousilic Acid |
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___________ containment shall be provided for all liquid chemical storage tanks. |
Secondary containment |
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Most common colors found in raw water are _______ and _______. |
Yellow and brown |
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Drinking water between ______ and ______degrees F is most desirable. |
50-60 degrees F |
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The rate of chemical reactions and biological growths _______ with decreasing temperature. |
Decreases |
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As water temperature goes up pH goes _______. |
Down |
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As water temperature goes down pH goes _______. |
Up |
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Pure water has a pH of 7 only at _____ degrees C. |
25 degrees Celsius |
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Although objectionable for aesthetic reasons, the major danger of turbidity in drinking water is that it can ___________ and increase chlorine demands. |
Harbor bacteria |
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__________ requires continuous monitoring of turbidity. |
SDWA INTERIM ENHANCED SAFE WATER TREATMENT RULE (IESWTR) |
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___________ is used in determining alkalinity. |
Sulfuric acid |
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The secondary mcl of _______ mg/L for chlorine in drinking water has been established by reasons of taste rather than as a safeguard against a physical or a health hazard. |
250mg/L |
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MRDL is |
Maximum residual disinfectant level |
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TT is |
Treatment technique |
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________ are significantly more resistant to chlorine than bacteria and must be addressed with filtration. |
Viruses |
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_________ need to be calibrated each shift as solution looses strength over time |
Hypo chlorinators |
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The truest evaluation of water in a distribution system can be obtained from _____________________. |
Samples drawn directly from the main |
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- best obtained by grasping the container at the base with one hand and plunging the bottle mouth down into the water to avoid introduction of any surface material. |
Surface sampling |
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- a special sealed device that is lowered to the proper depth, opened to obtain the sample, then closed and retreived. |
Depth sampling |
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- to collect samples representative of the distribution system for service taps, first flush the service line. Sample should not be taken from drinking fountains or taps with aerators. |
Water tap sampling |
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To preserve coliform samples you must keep at ________. Must test within _______hrs |
10 degrees C 30 hours |
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You must have ______ laboratory if anything other than chlorine is added to water. |
Approved |
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Must use ________ laboratories to check for things like lead and mercury (primary contaminants) |
Certified |
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Laboratory method where a known concentration and volume of a reagent is used to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution by reacting with the substance. |
Titration |
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A laboratory method of measuring concentrations of certain substances in the water by using the flow of electric current. |
Ampherometric |
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Test used to determine the degree to which a sample of water is saturated with calcium carbonate. |
Marble test |
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A device that counts and measures individual particles in water. |
Particle counter |
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On a 1 ton cylinder the top valve is for _____ and the bottom valve is for ______. |
Gas Liquid |
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______ verifies compliance with the operator certification rule during sanitary surveys. |
LDH |
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-Does not meet the criteria for a community water supply and serves at least 25 people at least 60 days per year. |
Non community water supplies |
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-regularly serves at least 25 of the same persons (non residents) over 6 months per year. Example: schools. |
Non-transient non-community water system |
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-does not regularly serve at least 25 of the same persons over 6 months per year. Example: roadside rest stop. |
Transient non-community water system |
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For permits submission of design plans and specifications to _____ is required for any construction, renovation or modification of any public water system. |
LDH |
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Systems are inspected by _____ at a minimum of __________ or possibly more often if deemed necessary. |
LDH Once every 3 years |
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Only the state health officer can issue/rescind a ______________. The utility may issue/rescind a ___________. |
Boil water notice Boil water advisory |
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Any violation of the National Primary Drinking Water Regulations shall be reported to _____ within ______ of discovery. |
LDH 48 hours |
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______ has modified the total coliform rule under the state sanitary code, chapter 12 to ensure that water in all points in the distribution system has a sufficient minimum disinfectant residual concentration to control the Amoeba Naegleria Fowleri. |
LDH |
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Operator shall complete LDH-OPH certification form and shall submit it ______ before sampling for lead and copper. |
14 days |
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For security purposes Gates, exterior doors and windows must be ______ when unattended. |
Locked |
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How much space should be between the shoring and the sides of the excavation? |
None |
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Where an impermeable formation confines the ground water in the zone of saturation under pressure. |
Artesian pressure |
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A well where the water is under pressure greater than atmospheric and where the wells static water level will rise naturally above the level of its confining surface. The water may or may not flow to the surface. |
Artesian well |
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A well where the water under Artesian pressure flows to the surface. |
Flow well |
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A well where the water under Artesian pressure flows to the surface. |
Flow well |
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The imaginary surface to which groundwater rises in wells or springs under hydrostatic pressure. |
Piezometric surface |
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Seals out water from undesirable formations and protects casing from external corrosion |
Annular grout seal |
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Maintains the well hole by preventing collapse and provides a conduit for the pump column pipe. |
Well casing |
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In wells the size and type of the screen openings depends on the _______. |
Formation material which varies between formations |
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________ is based by the uniformity coefficient of sand samples taken at intervals while drilling thru the formation. |
Screen sizing |
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__________ a ratio of the size at which 60% of a sand sample passes through a sieve divided by the size at which 10% of the sample passes through a sieve. A lower UC indicates sand particles are close in size. A higher UC indicates greater size differentiation. |
Uniformity coefficient |
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__________ a ratio of the size at which 60% of a sand sample passes through a sieve divided by the size at which 10% of the sample passes through a sieve. |
Uniformity coefficient |
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A pump that circulates the mud up through the drill pipe to the bit. The mud then flows to the surface bringing cuttings with it. |
Mud pump (piston pump) |
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For sample taps in water wells _____ type valves shall not be used. |
Petcock type |
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A current that flows in one direction only and is essentially free of pulsation. |
Direct Current (D.C.) |
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A current that goes from zero to max back to zero and then max in the other direction. |
Alternative Current (A.C.) |
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__________ power is generally used with motors and transformers found in water treatment plants, and usually is 208, 220, 240 volts or 440, 460, 480 (most common), and 550 volts. |
Three-phase |
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Records the current or "amps" flowing in the circuit and is used to determine motor load. |
Ammeter |
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A __________ cannot be compressed. |
Liquid |
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The level water would rise to in small vertical tube if they were connected to a pressurized pipe. |
Hydraulic Grade Line |
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The slope of the water surface in an open channel or the slope of the water surface in a groundwater table. |
Hydraulic Gradient |
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Calibration for meters is usually done in a ___________ by running a known volume thru the meter for comparison. |
Meter shop |
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Most positive type of prevention for backflow that eliminates the hazard with a physical separation of the greater of 2 times the pipe diameter or 2inches. |
Air gap |
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___________ states that water suppliers shall develop implement a written backflow prevention plan that outlines how it verifies that customers comply and assures that only complying customers will connect and remain connected to its water supply. |
LA State Sanitary Code, Part XII |
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When reduced or negative pressure occurs on a distribution system and undesirable water flows back thru a cross connection. |
Back siphonage |
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When the undesirable water source over pressures the distribution system and flows back thru a cross connection. |
Back pressure |
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_______ addresses localized water quality issues usually relative to complaints or some event, usually by flushing the local mains and branches. (Re-active) |
Conventional flushing |
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Always direct flushing water ______ from traffic and pedestrians. |
Away |
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Equipment or facilities are repaired or replaced after wear, malfunction or break down. |
Corrective |
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Equipment or facilities are inspected and maintained before failure with the intent of avoiding break downs or other problems. |
Preventive |
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Equipment or facilities are monitored using sensors to monitor key parameters, then continously evaluated against historical trends to predict failure before it occurs. |
Predictive |
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The primary turdity standard |
Formazin |
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List primary radioactive substances (radionuclides). |
Alphas betas Radium Uranium |
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_______are the only official way to test pH. |
Meters |
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The most accurate method used for measuring free or combined chlorine residual. This method is relatively free of interference but does require greater operator skill and is expensive. |
Amperometric titration |
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Maximum chlorine residual at end of lines for both chlorine and chloramine systems at all times. |
4.0 ppm |