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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
180-degree rule |
A principle that places an imaginary line between two people talking or in line with the direction of a movement. As long as cameras are placed on one side of the line and do not cross it, spatial continuity will be maintained. |
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Three-to-one Cutting Ratio |
A principle that states you should not take to a shot that is three times larger or three times smaller than the preceding shot |
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Body Time |
The length of a program not including closing credits and titles. |
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Blocking Diagrams |
Drawings directors make to help them visualize where actors and cameras should be placed. |
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Blocking |
The process of planning and coordinating all movement and positioning of talent and production equipment before a production begins. |
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Axis of Conversation |
An imaginary line that connects two persons talking to each other. If one camera is on one side of the line and another is on the other side, cutting from one camera to the other will make the people appear to change position. |
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Axis of Action |
An imaginary line that extends the path in which a character or an object is moving. If one camera is on one side of the line and another is on the other side, cutting from one camera to the other will make the person or object appear to change direction. |
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Assistant Director
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A person who helps a director; the term is most likely to be used in relation to a film director.
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Associate Director |
A person who helps a director; the term is used in studio-based television.
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Business |
Actions that actors perform while they are delivering their lines in order to add realism or strengthen particular ideas. |
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Clear Com |
The brand name of a commonly used studio headset intercom system that allows those in the control room to communicate with those on set. |
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Close-up |
A view of a subject from a relatively short distance. A close-up of a person, for instance, might include only the person’s face. |
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Color Bars |
An electronically generated pattern of vertical color stripes that can be used to standardize and calibrate the color values of all cameras and monitors. |
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Command of Execution |
A command given by a director that calls for an immediate action, such as “Take Camera 2.” |
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Continuity |
A quality of consistent and unobtrusive progression from shot to shot in terms of screen direction, lighting, audio, props, graphics, and other production details. |
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Command of Preparation
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A command given by a director that notifies a crew member to get ready to take a specific action, such as “Ready Camera 2.”
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Control Room Rehearsals
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A rehearsal with the director seated where he or she will be calling the shots, rather than in the studio.
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Countdown
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Numbers from 10 to 2 that are placed on a recording before the program material so that the program can be cued to come in at the right time.
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Crossing the Line
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Having one camera shot come from one side of the axis of action/conversation and another camera shot come from the other side. If the two shots are cut together, the movement in the shot will appear to change direction. Crossing the line should be avoided unless a jarring effect on the viewer is intended.
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Cut
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The most-used shot transition; an instantaneous change from one video source to another. |
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Take |
The most-used shot transition; an instantaneous change from one video source to another. |
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Defocus |
A camera transition in which the picture on the on-air camera becomes fuzzy. |
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Director |
The person in charge of the creative aspects of a production and all the procedures that occur in the studio or field. |
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Dissolve |
A simultaneous fading out of one picture while fading in to another. |
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Dress Rehearsal |
The final, full rehearsal before the actual production take—using all sets, props, and costumes— designed to be conducted straight through without interruption. |
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Dry Run
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A session where the director and talent work together on the basic staging of a program without doing a full rehearsal. |
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Establishing Shot |
A long shot used at the beginning of a scene or program to relate the subjects and/or circumstances to one another. |
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Fade |
The gradual bringing in or taking out of an audio or video source. |
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Feedback |
A high-pitched squeal that results from accidentally feeding a program monitor into a live microphone, causing an instantaneous over-amplification of the system. |
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Floor Rehearsals |
Rehearsals where the director is in the studio rather than in the control room. |
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Floor Plan |
A drawing done to scale that shows where various set flats and furniture are to be placed in the studio for a particular production. |
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Interruptible Feedback
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An audio setup that allows the talent, wearing a small earpiece, to hear program audio or receive instruction from the director or someone else. |
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Key
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The main source of light, usually a spotlight, which appears to be the main source of light hitting the talent.
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Long Shot
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A camera view of the subject from a relatively great distance, usually showing the subject in its entirety.
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Medium Shot
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A view of the subject from a comfortable distance between a long shot and a close-up. Generally cuts the human figure at the waist. |
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Medium Long Shot |
A view of the subject that is a bit further out than a medium shot, generally cutting the human figure right above or below the knees. |
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Medium Close Shot |
A view of the subject that is a bit closer than a medium shot, generally cutting the human figure right around the chest. |
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Pan
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To turn a camera horizontally by rotating the camera mounting head.
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Pan
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The shot produced by turning a camera horizontally by rotating the camera mounting head. |
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Position Jump
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A cut between two cameras in which a person or object appears to change position from one side of the screen to the other.
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Pre-studio Rehearsals |
Rehearsals that take place in a rehearsal hall or other location before talent comes into the studio.
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Program Time
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The total length of a show, including opening and closing credits.
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Reaction Shot
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A shot that shows someone responding to what someone else is saying or doing.
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Screen Direction
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The direction a subject on screen is facing or in which a subject or object is moving.
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Shot Sheet
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A list of shots in a program that can be attached to the back of a camera so that the camera operator knows what he or she will be shooting.
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Slate
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An identification procedure whereby date, scene, director, and other information necessary for editing or for identifying shots are recorded at the beginning of the recorded material.
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Staging
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The process of planning and coordinating all movement and positioning of talent and production equipment before a production begins.
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Start-and-stop Rehearsal
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A full facilities rehearsal with cameras operating, designed to be interrupted to work out problems as the production progresses.
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Superimposition
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A picture resulting from the simultaneous display of two pictures that are partway through a dissolve.
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Take
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An instantaneous switch from one picture to another; also called a cut.
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Technical Rehearsal
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A rehearsal intended mainly for the equipment operators so they know how to position their equipment during the recording of a program.
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Tilt |
To pivot the camera vertically by pointing the camera mounting head up or down |
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Tilt |
The shot produced by pivoting the camera vertically by pointing the camera mounting head up or down. |
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Tone
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A one kilohertz sound used to calibrate equipment volume levels so that the program’s sound will have a consistent volume each time it is played or recorded.
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Transition
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A method, such as a cut, dissolve, or wipe, of getting from one shot to another. |
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Uninterrupted Run-through |
The rehearsal of an entire show without stopping for anything except major problems; minor problems are fixed later. |
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Walk-through Rehearsal
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An abbreviated rehearsal, conducted from the studio floor, to acquaint the talent and/or crew with the major outline of the production.
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Wide Shot |
A camera view of the subject from a relatively great distance, usually showing the subject in its entirety.
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Wipe
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A transition in which a geometric pattern gradually replaces one picture with another.
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Zoom
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A camera shot during which the focal length of the shot is adjusted as the shot is in progress.
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