Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the four types of tissues?
|
Epithelial - Covers and Lines
Connective - Provides Support Muscle - Enables Movement Nervous - Controls Work |
|
What are sheets of cells that cover and line other tissues called?
|
Epithelial Tissue
|
|
Epithelial Tissues are Polar and have a sense of direction. What are the two surfaces called?
|
Apical Surface - Faces the Lumen.
Basal Surface - Faces the underlying connective tissue. |
|
What are the three main types of Epithelium?
|
Squamous
Cuboidal Columnar |
|
What part of the tissue system secrets into the bloodstrem or lymphatic system. Does not have ducts or tubules and produces hormones.
|
Endocrine System
|
|
What part of the tissue system discharges secretions via ducts and typically act locally?
|
Exocrine System
|
|
Connective tissue is where in the body?
|
Everywhere!
|
|
Connective tissue has three distinct components:
|
Extracellular Fibers
Ground Substance Extracellular Matrix |
|
Five Fariations of Connective Tissue:
|
Blood
Tendon Adipose Cartilage Bone |
|
What are three Connective Tissue - Extracellular Fiber Types?
|
Collagenous
Reticular Elastic |
|
What are collagenous fibers?
|
Strong and thick strands of collagen proteins. Density and arrangement depend on function.
|
|
What are reticular fibers?
|
Thin, delicate collagen which is branched into networks. Support for highly cellular organs.
|
|
What are elastic fibers?
|
Primarily protein elastin and branch forming complex networks. Bundled coils of microfibrils which are rubber gand like.
|
|
What are fixed cells?
|
Fixed cells are Fibroblasts, Chondroblasts, and Osteoblasts.
|
|
What are the wandering cells of the immune system?
|
Mast Cells - Contain histamine and heparin.
Leukocytes - White Blood Cells. Macrophages - Scavengers |
|
What is the most common loose tissue. It is located throughout the body and provides nutrients to tissue it supports.
|
Areolar Tissue
|
|
What are the two main types of Adipose tissue?
|
White - Normal
Brown - Newborns and Hibernating |
|
This tissue resembles Areolar but contains only reticular fibers...
|
Reticular Connective Tissue
|
|
What are the three main types of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue?
|
Dense Regular Connective
Dense Irregular Connective Elastic Connective |
|
Dense Regular Connective Tissue is composed of?
|
Tendons and Ligaments
Primarily parallel collagen fibers Designed to withstand great forces mainly in one direction. |
|
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue is composed of?
|
Sheets of collagen running in different directions or alternating directions.
Designed to withstand forces in multiple directions. Dermis of skin, organ capsules, submucosa of GI. |
|
Elastic Connective Tissue is?
|
Parallel or interwoven elastic fibers with fibroblasts and collagenous fibers interspersed; stretch more than tendons.
Ligaments, arterial walls, stomach, large airways, regions of heart... |
|
It is known as Gristle
|
Cartilage
|
|
Cartilage is formed by?
|
Chondrocytes
|
|
Cartilage is slow to heal and is?
|
Avascular!
|
|
What are the three types of cartilage?
|
Hyaline
Elastic Fibrocartilage |
|
What is a specialized connective tissue that is often forgotten?
|
Blood
|
|
One of the hardest connective tissues is?
|
Bone
|
|
What are the four types of multicellular epithelial sheet membranes?
|
Mucous - Lines connections to outside
Serous - Serosae Cutaneous - Skin Synovial - Makes synovial fluid |
|
What is the immediate first affects in Tissue Healing?
|
1. Inflammation
2. Vasocontriction followed by Vasodilation 3. Fluid pours into Region 4. Clot formation 5. Phagocytic Cells 6. Hormones diffuse inflamation |
|
What are the steps of Tissue Healing?
|
1. Inflammation
2. Formation of Granulation Tissue 3. Epithelialization - Scab falls off skin covers. |
|
What is first intention healing?
|
Skin heals side to side without the formation of granulation tissue or significant scarring.
|
|
What is second intention healing?
|
Wound edges are separated and granulation tissue fills the gap. Predisposing to scar tissue and proudflesh. This is why we suture.
|
|
The Integumentary System is?
|
Skin!
|
|
The Integumantary System is composed of three layers! What are they?
|
Epidermis
Dermis Hypodermis (Subcutaneous or SQ) |
|
What are the four main types of epidermal cells?
|
Keratinocytes
Melanocytes Merkel Cells Langerhans Cells |
|
The primary cell type of the epidermis! It produces a tough waterproof protein.
|
Keratinocytes
|
|
These epidermal cells produce melanin a skin pigment.
|
Melanocytes
|
|
Epidermal cells that are specific macrophages, white blood cells and part of the immune system.
|
Langerhans Cells
|
|
These epidermal cells are involved in sensation of touch. They are very small in numbers tend to be at the epidermal and dermal junctions.
|
Merkel Cells
|
|
This layer of the skin is less cellular than the epidermis. It contains hair follicles, nerve endings, glands, smooth muscle, blood vessels and lymphatics.
|
Dermis
|
|
This layer of skin contains loose Areloar tissue. It has adipose tissue, blood, lymphatic vessels, pacinian corpuscle, is sensitive to touch...
|
Hypodermis
|
|
What is the growth cycle of hair?
|
Anagen - Growth
Catagen - Transition Telogen - Resting |
|
What is a sudden loss of many hairs at once in response to an insult to the body?
|
Telogen Effluvium!
|