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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three jobs of the vertebral column? |
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How many vertebrae in the vertebral column? |
32-34 |
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What are the vertebral segments (top to bottom) and how many vertebrae in each? |
Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacral 5 Coccyx 3-5 |
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Which groups are mobile? |
Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar |
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Which segments are immobile? |
Sacrum and coccyx |
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Why are the vertebrae in the sacrum and coccyx immobile? |
To provide stability and support |
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What are the top two vertebrae? |
C1 Atlas C2 Axis |
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What is between the vertebrae? |
Intervertebtral discs made of cartilage |
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What stabilizes the spine? |
Strong ligaments רצועות and muscles |
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What is the primary curvature? |
Curve present in spine of fetuses and babies |
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What is the secondary curvature? |
S curves that develop with growth for holding up head and standing |
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What are the four curves and what type is each? |
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What are the two main parts of each vertebrae? |
Body and vertebral arch |
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What parts connect the body to the vertebral arch? |
2 pedicles |
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What part of the vertebrae sticks out to the back? |
Spinous process |
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What parts of the vertebrae stick out to the sides? |
Transverse processes |
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What part of the vertebrae is between the spinal process and the vertebral foramen? |
2 Laminas |
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What is the largest hole in each vertebra? |
Vertebral foramen |
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What do the vertebral foramen line up to form? |
The vertebral canal |
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What parts connect two vertebrae? |
Intervertebral foramen and intervertebral notch |
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What part is on each side between the lamina and the spinous process on the lumbar vertebrae? |
Articular facet |
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Cervical spinal nerves C1 - C7 stick out _____ vertebrae ____. |
Above, C1 - C7 |
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Spinal nerve C8 sticks out ____ vertebra ____. |
Below, C7 |
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Spinal thoracic and lumbar nerves stick out ____ the corresponding vertebrae. |
Below |
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What are the two parts of an intervertebral disc? |
Anulus fibrosus (outer ring) and nucleus pulposus (inside ring) |
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What are five examples of disc problems? |
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What are the two parts of a vertebra that jut out around the transverse foramen in a cervical vertebra? |
Anterior and posterior tubercle |
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What holes are on the sides of the cervical vertebrae? |
Transverse foramen |
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What is the piece that sticks up in vertebra C2? |
Dens |
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What connects the vertebrae to the ribs? |
Costal facets |
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What is the joint between the upper articular process and the lower articular process called? |
Zygaphyseal facet or joint |
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Which disc is also known as the vertebral prominens? |
C7 due to its long spinous process |
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Which discs have a bifid spinous process? |
Most of the cervical discs |
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What are the four parts of C1 (Atlas)? |
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What is the joint with the dens where C1 meets C2? |
Atlanto-axial joint |
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What holds the dens in place? |
Transverse ligament of axis |
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What are two traits of cervical vertebrae? |
Small body and large spinal canal |
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What are two traits of the thoracic vertebrae? |
Large body and small hole |
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Which vertebrae have costal facets? |
Thoracic |
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What are the three costal facets of the thoracic vertebrae? |
Superior, inferior, transverse |
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What are two traits of the lumbar vertebrae? |
Large body and thick spinous process |
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What are the three processes in the lumbar vertebrae? |
Superior articular, inferior articular, and transverse |
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What is the ring-like surface at the top of the sacrum called? |
Promotory |
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What are the holes in the sacrum for the spinal nerves called? |
Anterior and posterior pelvic sacral foramen |
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What is the bottom of the sacrum called? |
Apex |
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What is the triangular surface on either side of the sacral base called? |
Sacral ala |
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What is the name of the opening in the bottom of the sacrum? |
Sacral hiatus |
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What is the posterior surface of the sacrum called? |
Dorsal surface |
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What is the anterior surface of the sacrum called? |
Pelvic surface |
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What nerves exit through the sacral hiatus? |
S5 and Co1 |
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What ligament runs from the neck until the lumbar segment? |
Anterior longitudinal and posterior longitudinal |
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Which ligament is on the front side of the body of the vertebrae? |
Anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Which ligament is on the back side of the body of the vertebrae? |
Posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Which ligament runs between the laminas? |
Ligamentum flavum |