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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
A TYPE OF WAVE THAT CARRIES ENERGY, NOT MATTER, FROM PLACE TO PLACE.
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DEFINITION OF SOUND
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IS A SOUND WAVE LONGITUDINAL OR TRANSVERSE?
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LONGITUDINAL & MECHANICAL WAVE MADE OF COMPRESSIONS AND RAREFRACTIONS.
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WHAT ARE THE FREQUECIES OF AUDIBLE SOUND VS. ULTRASOUND
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ULTRASOUND = 20,000 HZ
AUDIBLE = 20-20,000 HZ |
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THE RATE AT WHICH SOUND TRAVELS THROUGH A MEDIUM (METERS/SECOND)
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PROPAGATION SPEED
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TRUE OR FALSE- PROPAGATION SPEED IS DETERMINED BY MEDIUM ONLY
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TRUE
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THE NUMBER OF CERTAIN EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN A PARTICULAR TIME DURATION
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FREQUENCY
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WHAT IS THE UNITS FOR FREQUENCY AND IT'S TYPICAL VALUES?
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HERTZ-HZ
TYPICAL UNIT: 2MHZ-10MHZ |
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TRUE OR FALSE- FREQUENCY IS DETERMINED BY MEDIUM
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FALSE- FREQUENCY IS DETERMINED BY SOURCE
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THE LENGTH OR DISTANCE OF A SINGLE CYCLE
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WAVELENGTH
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NAME THE UNIT FOR WAVELENGTH AND WHAT DETERMINES IT (SOUND SOURCE OR MEDIUM).
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UNITS: METERS (ANY UNIT OF LENGTH)
DETERMINED BY: BOTH SOUND SOURCE AND MEDIUM |
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WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR WAVELENGTH?
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WAVELENGTH= PROP SPEED/FREQUENCY
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WHAT IS THE WAVELENGTH IN SOFT TISSUE?
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1MHZ=1.54MM
RULE: IN SOFT TISSUE, DIVIDE 1.54 BY FREQUENCY |
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WHAT RELATIONSHIP DO FREQUENCY AND DEPTH HAVE?
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INVERSELY RELATED.
INCREASE FREQUENCY, DECREASE DEPTH |
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PUT IN ORDER OF FASTEST PROPAGATION SPEED TO SLOWEST; TISSUE, AIR, BONE, MUSCLE
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BONE, MUSCLE, TISSUE, AIR
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TRUE OR FALSE= BLOOD HAS SIMILAR PROPAGATION SPEED AS SOFT TISSUE
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TRUE
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THE NUMBER OF CERTAIN EVENTS THAT OCCUR IN A PARTICULAR TIME DURATION
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FREQUENCY
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WHAT IS THE UNITS FOR FREQUENCY AND IT'S TYPICAL VALUES?
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HERTZ-HZ
TYPICAL UNIT: 2MHZ-10MHZ |
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TRUE OR FALSE- FREQUENCY IS DETERMINED BY MEDIUM
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FALSE- FREQUENCY IS DETERMINED BY SOURCE
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THE LENGTH OR DISTANCE OF A SINGLE CYCLE
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WAVELENGTH
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NAME THE UNIT FOR WAVELENGTH AND WHAT DETERMINES IT (SOUND SOURCE OR MEDIUM).
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UNITS: METERS (ANY UNIT OF LENGTH)
DETERMINED BY: BOTH SOUND SOURCE AND MEDIUM |
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WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR WAVELENGTH?
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WAVELENGTH= PROP SPEED/FREQUENCY
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WHAT IS THE WAVELENGTH IN SOFT TISSUE?
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1MHZ=1.54MM
RULE: IN SOFT TISSUE, DIVIDE 1.54 BY FREQUENCY |
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WHAT RELATIONSHIP DO FREQUENCY AND DEPTH HAVE?
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INVERSELY RELATED.
INCREASE FREQUENCY, DECREASE DEPTH |
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PUT IN ORDER OF FASTEST PROPAGATION SPEED TO SLOWEST; TISSUE, AIR, BONE, MUSCLE
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BONE, MUSCLE, TISSUE, AIR
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TRUE OR FALSE= BLOOD HAS SIMILAR PROPAGATION SPEED AS SOFT TISSUE
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TRUE
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TRUE OR FALSE= IMPEDANCE IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF A SOUND WAVE AND MEDIUM
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FALSE- IMPEDANCE IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MEDIUM ONLY
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WHAT IS THE UNIT FOR IMPEDANCE?
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RAYLS
*OFTEN EXPRESSED AS THE LETTER Z |
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WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR IMPEDANCE?
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IMPEDANCE (Z)= DENSITY (KG/M3)*PROP SPEED (M/S)
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WHAT IS THE DECREASE OF INTENSITY, POWER, AND AMPLITUDE OF A SOUND WAVE AS IT TRAVELS?
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ATTENUATION
REMEMBER: *UNRELATED TO SPEED* |
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WHAT IS THE UNIT FOR ATTENUATION AND IS IT ALWAYS NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE?
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dB
NEGATIVE |
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WHAT ARE THE 3 COMPONENTS OF ATTENUATION?
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1. ABSORPTION
2. REFLECTION 3. SCATTERING |
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WHAT TWO THINGS WILL INCREASE THE TOTAL ATTENUATION ?
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1. HIGHER FREQUENCY
2. LONG PATH LENGTH |
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ARRANGE IN ORDER OF LEAST TO MOST ATTENUATION; AIR, WATER, BONE & LUNG, SOFT TISSUE
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WATER, SOFT TISSUE, BONE AND LUNG, AIR
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WHAT OCCURS WHEN PROP SOUND ENERGY STRIKES A BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO MEDIA AND SOME RETURNS TO THE TRANSDUCER?
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REFLECTION
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WHAT TYPE OF REFLECTION OCCURS WITH A SMOOTH REFLECTOR (MIRROR)?
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SPECULAR REFLECTOR
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AT WHAT ANGLE IS A SPECULAR REFLECTOR WELL SEEN?
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90 DEGREES
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WHAT IS SOUND THAT IS REFLECTED IN A DISORGANIZED AND RANDOM ORDER?
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DIFFUSE REFLECTION OR BACKSCATTER
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TRUE OR FALSE= BACKSCATTER OCCURS WHEN THE BOUNDARY HAS IRREGULARITIES THAT ARE APPROX THE SAME SIZE AS THE SOUNDS WAVELENGTH?
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TRUE
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WHAT IS SCATTERING?
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IF THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO MEDIA HAS IRREGULARITIES THEN THE WAVE MAY BE CHAOTICALLY REDIRECTED IN ALL DIRECTIONS (IRREGULARITIES ARE SIMILAR IN SIZE OR A BIT SMALLER THAN THE PULSE'S WAVELENGTH)
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WHAT IS RAYLEIGH SCATTERING?
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REFLECTOR IS MUCH
SMALLER THAN THE WAVELENGTH OF SOUND |
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WHAT IS ANOTHER WORD FOR RAYLEIGH SCATTERING?
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OMNIDIRECTIONAL= EQUAL SCATTERING OF ALL DIRECTIONS
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WHAT IS RAYLEIGH SCATTERING DIRECTLY RELATED TO?
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FREQUENCY
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NORMAL INCIDENCE = ___DEGREES
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90 DEGREES
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INCIDENT INTENSITY= REFLECTED INTENSITY + _________ INTENSITY
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TRANSMITTED
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THE PERCENTAGE OF THE ULTRASOUND INTENSITY THAT BOUNCES BACK WHEN THE SOUND STRIKES A BOUNDARY
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INTENSITY REFLECTION COEFFICIENT
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PERCENTAGE OF THE ULTRASOUND INTENSITY THAT IS ALLOWED TO PASS THROUGH WHEN THE BEAM REACHED THE BOUNDARY BETWEEN TWO MEDIUM
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INTENSITY TRANSMISSION COEFFICIENT
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TRUE OR FALSE- IRC AND ITC ARE UNITLESS. ONLY REPRESENTED IN PERCENTAGES
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TRUE
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WHEN DOES REFLECTION OCCUR WITH NORMAL INCIDENCE?
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WHEN TWO MEDIA AT THE BOUNDARY HAVE DIFFERENT ACCOUSTIC IMPEDANCES.
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WHAT IS THE EQUATION FOR IRC?
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IRC= Z2-Z1 / Z2+Z1
NOTE: THE GREATER THE DIFFERENCE IN IMPEDANCES, THE GREATER THE AMOUNT OF REFLECTION |
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WHAT IS THE EQAUTION FOR ITC?
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ITC = TRANSMITTED INTENSITY / INCIDENCE INTENSITY
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TRUE OR FALSE: REFLECTION ALWAYS OCCURS WITH OBLIQUE INCIDENCE.
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FALSE- REFLECTION MAY OR MAY NOT OCCUR. SIMPLY ANSWER I DON'T KNOW
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WITH OBLIQUE INCIDENCE REFLECTION ANGLE= __________________
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REFLECTION ANGLE = INCIDENCE ANGLE
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