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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Glides also known as (semivowels)
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Tongue moves back during articulation.
Sound= /w/-woo /j/-you "y" Glides have little to no Obstruction, and must occur with a vowel |
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Glides
(Voiced Labiovelar) |
ex. With, queen,
[w] |
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Glides
(voiceless Labiovelar) |
ex. White, When, Whether, weather.
[M] upside down w |
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Distribution of Sounds
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Minimum Pairs
Complementary Distribution Free Variation Phonemes without alephones |
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Minimum Pairs
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2 words that only differ in 1 sound
Ex. Lab and Lap |
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Complementary Distribution
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Relationship betweeen 2 phoneticly similar segments
Ex. [p] upper [ph] pain |
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Free Variation
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Phonetic substitution without changing meaning.
Ex. data and data one could be said Daata and one deata |
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Phonemes without alephones
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A phoneme is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language.
In the American structuralist tradition, a phoneme is defined according to its allophones and environments. In the generative tradition, a phoneme is defined as a set of distinctive features Ex. tab, tag, tan, spat, pat, tap |
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What makes a vowel High?
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High vowels such as [i] [u], the tounge is positioned high in the mouth.
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What makes a vowel low?
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Tongue is positioned low in the mouth.
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What is a vowel?
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A vowel is a sound made when the impedance of the air through the vocal tract is minimal and the vocal tract is completely open.
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What is vowel harmony?
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Vowel harmony is a type of assimilation which takes place when vowels come to share certain features with contrastive vowels elsewhere in a word or phrase (Crystal 1992 168 ).
Example * A front vowel in the first syllable of a word would require the presence of a front vowel in the second syllable. |
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What is a vowel modification?
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A vowel modification is an addition or alteration to the basic way that a vowel is articulated.
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Front vowel?
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tounge positioned as far in front as posible
ex. * close front unrounded vowel [i] * close front rounded vowel [y] * close-mid front unrounded vowel [e] * close-mid front rounded vowel [ø] * open-mid front unrounded vowel [ɛ] * open-mid front rounded vowel [œ] * near-open front unrounded vowel [æ] * open front unrounded vowel [a] * open front rounded vowel [ɶ] |
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Back vowel?
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Tounge positioned as far back as posible.
Ex. * close back unrounded vowel [ɯ] * close back rounded vowel [u] * close-mid back unrounded vowel [ɤ] * close-mid back rounded vowel [o] * open-mid back unrounded vowel [ʌ] * open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ] * open back unrounded vowel [ɑ] * open back rounded vowel [ɒ] |
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Central vowel?
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Tougnge positioned half way between front and back.
Ex # close central unrounded vowel [ɨ] # close central rounded vowel [ʉ] # close-mid central unrounded vowel [ɘ] # close-mid central rounded vowel [ɵ] # mid central vowel [ə] # open-mid central unrounded vowel [ɜ] # open-mid central rounded vowel [ɞ] # near-open central vowel [ɐ] # open central unrounded vowel [a] (unofficial but most frequent usage |
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Rounded Vowel?
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lips form articular opening . pronounced with lips formed.
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Unrounded Vowel?
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Pronunced with lips relaxed.
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Difference between...
Consanants Vowels Glides |
Consonants= Created by pulmanitc utterence that is created by stopped or obstructed airflow through the mouth.
Vowels=created through unobstructed air flow through the mouth. Gliding vowels = refers to vowels occuring withinn the same syllable...gliding motion into next vowel. ex. eye,hay,boy,low,you |
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length
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vowel length= perceived duration of a vowel sound.
Long= "Tree.."eee" and booth "oooh" Short= hut "u" and bush "u" German has 8 vowels/ can be short or long. Vowel legnth makes a diff. in word meaning. "german has 3 dipthongs" |
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What is an articulation process?
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The articulation process is the modification of sound waves produced by the airstream, phonation, and oral-nasal processes.
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What is stress?
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Stress is an increase in the activity of the vocal apparatus of a speaker.
Stress is produced by a comb. of pitch, loudness and length. |
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What is a diphthong?
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same as a gliding vowel
A diphthong is a phonetic sequence, consisting of a vowel and a glide, that is interpreted as a single vowel. Ex. /ai/-hay /au/-ouch />i/- hoy pie,ouch,boy |
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Major Dipthong
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extreme change ex. buy [aj] boy [>j] now [aw]
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Minor dipthong
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less dramatic change
ex. play [ej] go [ow] |
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Pitch and tone
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high pitch = closed vocal chords
low pitch = more open local chords contour tones = changes in a single segment register tones= stable pitch over a single syllable. Tone has a gramattical role in language. But not for all ex. japanese |
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What is intonation?
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Intonation is the system of levels (rising and falling) and variations in pitch sequences within speech.
Pitch movement not related to meaning Terminal intonation= falling intonation at end of word nonterminal= riseing intonation at end of word Intonation is often a sign of sentence incompletion |