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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Diabetic Retinopathy
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Cotton-wool spots -nonspecific, but common in DM. With progression, neovascularization --> vitreous hemorrhage --> retinal detachement. NOTE - AV nicking is more common in HTN, but often co-morbid in diabetics
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Congenital Hypothyroid Features
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Feeding problems, jaundiced mottled skin, hypotonia, course face, protruding tongue, hoarse cry.
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Galactosemia
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Jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, seizures, hypoglycemia, cataracts, vomiting after milk consumption; GIVE galactose-free foods.
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Phenylketonuria
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AR, light hair, mousy odor, seizures, vomiting, dermatitis, growth retardation.
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Cerebral Edema
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Presents with abdominal pain, n/v/polyuria, lethargy. Usually precipitated by cessation of insulin intake, or surgery, or DKA. TREAT with mannitol acutely, then correct electrolyte imbalance.
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DKA --> Cerebral Edema
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TREAT initially with insulin + saline or LR. As glucose and potassium fall, they must be replaced.
If glucose drops too fast, Cerebral edema develops. Lower serum glucose at rate of 50-100mg/dl/hour. |
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Adrenal Insuff
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Presents with hypotension, confusion. May occur in minor urinary or respiratory tract infections. (e.g. recent cough/fever) other findings may include loss of mineralocorticoid action: high/normal potassium, low/normal sodium, increased creatinine.)
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Acromegaly
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Adult with elevated IGF-1 level, acral enlargement, course facial features, protuberant jaw. DIAGNOSE with MRI of pituitary. TREAT with transphenoidal resection
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Thyroid nodule
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if Euthyroid, male --> suspect malignancy. Other risk factors include - firm, fixed nodule; MANAGE suspected malignancy with FNA.
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Thyroid workup
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Prolactinoma
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Bitemporal hemianopsia, erectile dysfunction, loss of libido, elevations of prolactin. Often, medication induced. If truly a macroadenoma, get MRI pituitary and bromocriptine may be used temporarily.
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Grave's disease -
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aka thyroid ophtalmopathy. Cigarette smoking has been linked to disease severity. Diplopia results frominfiltration of extraocular muscles. Exophtalmos may be unilateral
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1' Hyperparathyroidism
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Results from parathyroid producing too much PTH --> hypercalcemia, maybe hypophosphatemia; TREAT with surgical evaluation; "STONES, BONES, and ABDOMINAL GROANS"
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2' Hyperparathyroidism
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Results from renal disease and hypocalcemia/phosphatemia, leading to secondary hyperparathyroidism. TREAT underlying disease, maybe vitamin D.
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