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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are 1st Generation H1 Blockers?
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- Diphenhydramine
- Dimenhydrinate - Chlorpheniramine |
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What are 1st Generation H1 Blocker Clinical Uses?
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- Allergy
- Motion sickness - Sleep aid |
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What are Toxicity of H1 1st Generation Blockers?
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- Sedation
- antimuscarinic - anti-alpha-adrenergic |
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What are 2nd Generation H1 blockers?
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- Loratadine
- Fexofenadine - desloratadine - cetirizine |
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What two ways are bronchoconstriction mediated?
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1) inflammatory processes
2) sympathetic tone (drugs target these two places for asthma) |
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What is a nonspecific B-agonist?
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Isoproterenol
- relax bronchial smooth muscle (B2) |
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What is adverse effect of Isoproterenol?
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Tachycardia
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What are B2 agonists?
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- Albuterol: relax bronchial smooth muscle (B2); use for ACUTE
- Salmeterol: long-acting agent for prophylaxis |
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What is adverse effects of Salmeterol?
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-Tremor
- Arrhythmia |
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What is a methylxanthine used for asthma?
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Theophyllin
- inhibit phosphodiesterase: decrease cAMP hydrolysis |
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What is adverse effects of theophyllin?
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- cardiotoxicity
- neurotoxicity * metabolized by P450 |
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What is muscarinic antagonist used in asthma?
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Ipratropium
- competitively block muscarinic receptors: prevent bronchoconstriction * used in Asthma & COPD |
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What is Cromolyn?
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prevent mediator release from mast cells.
- EFFECTIVE ONLY IN PROPHYLAXIS of asthma |
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What corticosteroids are used in asthma?
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Beclomethasone & prednisone
- inhibit cytokine synthesis - inactivate NF-kB: transcription factor that induces TNF-alpha production |
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What is first line therapy in chronic asthma?
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Corticosteroids
(beclomethasone & prednisone) |
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What are antileukotrienes used in asthma?
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- Zileuton: 5 lipoxygenase inhibitor (block arachidonic acid --> leukotrienes)
- Zafirlukast, montelukast: block leukotriene receptors |
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What is zafirlukast, montelukast especially known for?
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Aspirin-induced asthma treatment
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What is side effect of inhaled corticosteroids?
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Candidiasis (treat with Nystatin)
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What do you use to treat neonatal ARDS?
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Dexamethasone
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What does Guaifenesin do?
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Removes excess sputum
(DONT SUPPRESS COUGH REFLEX) |
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What does N-AC do?
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Mucolytic: loosen mucous plugs in CF patients
Antidote for Tylenol poison |
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What treats Pulmonary Hypertension?
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Bosentan: competitive antagonist of Endothelin-1 Receptors
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