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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Heart defects that are left to right shunts:
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* VSD, ASD, PDA
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Heart defects that are right to left (blue babies):
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* Truncus arteriosis, transposition of great vessels, Tetrology of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, TAPVR (total anomalous pulmonary venous return)
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Early cyanosis in Tetrology of Fallot is due to what:
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* the VSD
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Tetrology of Fallot is caused by displacement of:
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* The infundibular septum
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What are the 4 clinical features of Tetrology of Fallot:
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* Pulmonary stenosis (important pronostic factor), Overriding aorta, VSD, right vent hypertrophy (boot shaped heart)
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In transposition of the great vessels, where does the aorta leave the heart from?
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* The right ventricle
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Transposition is not compatible with life unless:
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* it has a shunt that allows adequate mixing of blood
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What is the congenital cause of transposition?
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* Failure of the aorticopulmonary septum to spiral
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Aortic stenosis proximal to the ductus arteriosis is called:
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* infantile type aortic stenosis (adult type is post-ductal)
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Presents as a "machine-like" murmur:
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* PDA (patent ductus arteriosis)
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Drug used to close a patent ductus arteriosis:
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* Indomethacin
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Prostaglandin used to maintain a patent ductus arteriosis:
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* Prostaglandin E (this would be needed in transposition of the great vessels)
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Genetic disorder associated with tructus arteriosis and tetrology of fallot:
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* 22q11
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Viral disease associated with PDA and septal defects:
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* Congenital rubella
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Turners syndrome is associated with what heart defect:
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* Coarcation of the aorta
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Offspring to diabetic moms are at risk of what cardiac anomaly:
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* Transposition of the great vessels
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Secondary HTN is associated with problems with what organ:
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* the kidney
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Atherosclerosis is deposits in the ____ of the artery.
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* Intima
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Associated with hyaline thickening of the small arteries:
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* Arteriosclerosis
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Onion skinning of arteries is associated with what type of HTN:
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* Malignant
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Pt with "tearing" chest pain radiating to the back has:
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* Aortic dissection
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Atherosclerosis is disease of what sized arteries?
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* medium and large sized arteries
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What is the progression of disease in atherosclerosis?
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* Fatty streaks to proliferative plaque to complex atheroma
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Most common location for atherosclerosis to develop:
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* the abdominal aorta
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Percentage of coronary block needed for angina:
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* 75%
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Angina upon exertion is:
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* Stable angina (result of atherosclerosis of medium/large arteries)
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What causes prinzmetals angina?
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* Coronary artery spasm
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Thrombosis without necrosis is characteristic of what angina?
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* Unstable angina
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Sudden cardiac death is most commonly caused by:
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* Lethal cardiac arrythmia
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What type of infarct do you get if it has a collateral circulation?
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* Red infarct
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Most common coronary artery to be included in a MI:
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* Left anterior descending (LAD)
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How long after a MI will the heart have neutrophils, macrophages, and have granulation tissue?
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* 5 to 10 days
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How long after a MI does the tissue show coagulative necrosis and inflammation?
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* 2 - 4 days
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How long after a MI will the myocardium turn pale on tetrazolium staining?
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* 1 day
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How long after an MI does the myocardium show contraction bands?
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* 1 day
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During the 1st 6hrs of a MI what is the gold standard for diagnosis:
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* ECG
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Blood marker that is most specific early on for a MI:
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* Troponin I
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CK-MB isn't the best cardiac marker because it is found in these 2 places:
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* Cardiac AND skeletal muscle
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ST elevation or pathologic Q-waves signifies what type of infarct?
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* Transmural infarct
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ST depression signifies what type of infarct?
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* Subendothelial infarct
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What type of dysfunction ensues with dilated cardiomyopathy:
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* Systolic dysfunction
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Type of cardiomyopathy that causes young athletes to die suddenly?
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* Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is associated with what dysfunction:
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* Diastolic dysfunction
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What are 'heart failure cells"?
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* Hemosiderin laden macrophages
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What causes fat embolisms?
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* Long bone fractures (femur) or liposuction
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How can preggos get DIC?
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* Amniotic fluid gaining access to the vasculature
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The triad of stasis, endothelial damage, and hypercoagulability is:
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* Virchows triad
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Roth spots, splinter hemorrhages, janaway lesions, and osler's nodules are seen with:
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* Bacterial endocarditis
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Staph aureus produces what in bacterial endocarditis:
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* large vegetations (strep viridans produces small vegetations)
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The valve most affected by bacterial endocarditis is:
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* The mitral valve
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Classic renal complication seen with bacterial endocarditis:
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* Glomerulonephritis
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Endocarditis type seen with SLE:
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* Liebman-Sachs endocarditis (LSE from SLE)
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Rheumatic heart disease is associated with organism:
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* Group A beta-hemolytic strep
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What valve is most affected by rheumatic heart disease:
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* Mitral valve
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Aschoff bodies are associated with:
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* Rheumatic heart disease
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Elevated ASO titer, migratory polyarthritis, and erythema marginatum is associated with:
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* Rheumatic heart disease
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When systolic blood pressure is affected by inspiration this is:
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* Pulsus paradoxus
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What type of pericarditis does lupus cause?
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* Serous
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A large neoplasm affecting the R vent with areas of hemorrhage and necrosis would be a:
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* Angiosarcoma
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Neoplasm usually found in the atria that can obstruct the AV valve causing a "ball and valve" effect:
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* Myxoma
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4 days after a MI you'll see ____. 1 wk after an MI you'll see ____ in the heart.
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* 4 days= neutrophils and macs
1 wk = granulation tissue |
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A girl with a midsystolic click might have a deficiency of what protein:
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* Fibrillin (seen in marfan syndrome) she has Mitral Valve Prolalpse (MVP)
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Organism that can cause a sudden death in young people due to a myocarditis is:
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* Coxsackie B
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Infective endocarditis due to drug use is most commonly caused by what 2 organisms:
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* Staph aureus and Pseudomonas aeuroginosa
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A kid with a VSD (L to R shunt) will eventually have what complication in adult life:
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* Eisenmeigers complex-- pulmonary HTN will cause the shunt to reverse to a R to L shunt
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The 2 valves most commonly affected by rheumatic heart disease are:
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* Mitral and Aortic valves
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A young person with mild acute cardiomegaly with no vegetations that spontaneously resolves probably has:
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* Myocarditis-- d/t Coxsackie B virus
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Common problem with a bicuspid aortic valve?
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* Later in life in can calcify and fail
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Fibrinous pericarditis is caused by:
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* MI's
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