Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Autosome
|
any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
|
|
Centromere
|
the region of the chromosome that holds the two sister chromatids together during mitosis
|
|
Chromatid
|
one of the two strands of a chromosome that become visible during meiosis or mitosis
|
|
Diploid
|
a cell that contains two haploid sets of chromosomes
|
|
Haploid
|
describes a cell, nucleus, or organism that has only one set of unpaired chromosomes
|
|
Histone
|
a type of protein molecule found in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells
|
|
Homologous Chromosome
|
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis
|
|
Karyotype
|
an array of the chromosomes found in an individual’s cells at metaphase of mitosis and arranged in homologous pairs and in order of diminishing size
|
|
Non-histone
|
relating to or being any of the eukaryotic proteins (as DNA polymerase) that form complexes with DNA but are not considered histones
|
|
Sex Chromosome
|
one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
|
|
Anaphase
|
a phase of mitosis and meiosis in which the chromosomes separate
|
|
Binary Fission
|
a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms by which one cell divides into two cells of the same size
|
|
Cell Cycle
|
the cycle of growth and asexual reproduction of a cell, consisting of interphase followed in actively dividing cells by prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
|
|
Cell Plate
|
the precursor of a new plant cell wall that forms during cell division and divides a cell into two
|
|
Centriole
|
an organelle that is active during mitosis
|
|
Centrosome
|
a small region near the nucleus in the cell cytoplasm, containing the centrioles.
|
|
Cleavage Furrow
|
The first sign of cleavage in an animal cell; a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate.
|
|
Cytokinesis
|
the division of the cytoplasm of a cell; cytokinesis follows the division of the cell's nucleus by mitosis or meiosis
|
|
G0
|
A nondividing state in which a cell has left the cell cycle.
|
|
G1
|
The first period of interphase, in which the cell doubles in size and synthesizes new proteins and organelles.
|
|
G2
|
The cell continues to grow.
|
|
Interphase
|
the period of the cell cycle during which activities such as cell growth and protein synthesis occur without visible signs of cell division
|
|
Kinetochore
|
A structure formed adjacent to the centromere of a condensed chromosome that allows the chromosome to attach to microtubules of the meiotic or mitotic spindle.
|
|
Kinetochore Fiber
|
microtubules that connect kinetochores to spindle polar fibers.
|
|
Mitosis
|
in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
|
|
Metaphase
|
one of the stages of mitosis and meiosis, during which all of the chromosomes move to the cell's equator
|
|
Meiosis
|
a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells (gametes or spores)
|
|
Mitotic Spindle
|
The fusiform figure characteristic of a dividing cell, consisting of microtubules, some of which become attached to each chromosome at its centromere and provide the mechanism for chromosomal movement. Also called nuclear spindle
|
|
M Phase
|
Portion of the cell cycle when cell division occurs.
|
|
Polar Fiber
|
spindle fibers that extend from the two poles of a dividing cell.
|
|
Prophase
|
the first stage of mitosis and meiosis in cell division; characterized by the condensation of the chromosomes
|
|
S Phase
|
second stage of interphase between G1 and G2; period of DNA replication.
|
|
Spindle Fiber
|
one of the microtubules that extend across a dividing eukaryotic cell; assists in the movement of chromosomes
|
|
Telophase
|
the final stage of mitosis or meiosis, during which a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new chromosomes
|
|
Asexual Reproduction
|
reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent
|
|
Crossing-over
|
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis; can result in genetic recombination
|
|
Gamete
|
a haploid reproductive cell that unites with another haploid reproductive cell to form a zygote
|
|
Genetic Recombination
|
the regrouping of genes in an offspring that results in a genetic makeup that is different from that of the parents
|
|
Independent Assortment
|
the random distribution of the pairs of genes on different chromosomes to the gametes
|
|
Oogenesis
|
the production, growth, and maturation of an egg, or ovum
|
|
Polar Body
|
a short-lived product of the formation of gametes by meiosis
|
|
Sexual Reproduction
|
reproduction in which gametes from two parents unite
|
|
Spermatid
|
An immature male sex cell formed from a spermatocyte that can develop into a spermatozoon without further division
|
|
Spermatogenesis
|
the process by which male gametes form
|
|
Synapsis
|
the pairing of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
|
|
Tetrad
|
the four chromatids in a pair of homologous chromosomes that come together as a result of synapsis during meiosis
|
|
Auto
|
self
|
|
Ana
|
up, against
|
|
Centr
|
center
|
|
Non
|
not
|
|
a/an
|
not, without
|
|
Phase
|
A distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part of something's development.
|