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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Membrane |
Boundary of cell Made from proteins and bilayers of fat molecules Regulates movement |
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Nucleus |
Control center Contains thread like chromosomes Pores in nuclear envelope allow passage |
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Nucleolus |
Inside the nucleus Cell may contain one or more nucleoli Produce ribosomes |
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Mitochondria |
Contains 2 membranes-cristae Site of cellular respiration Contains own DNA |
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Golgi apparatus (body) |
Stores, modifies, and packages proteins from RER Looks like pancakes Pinches off to form protein filled vesicles |
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Ribosomes |
Site of protein synthesis Amino acids join to make proteins Made of rRNA+proteins, smallest organelles Either attach to endoplasmic recticulum or float freely in cytoplasm |
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RER |
Organelle with double membrane + ribosomes Transports proteins from ribosomes to golgi |
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SER |
Double membrane no ribosomes Produces lipids |
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Lysosome |
Bound by single membrane, formed by golgi Contains enzymes Only found in animal cells |
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Vacuole |
Fluid filled sacs that act as storage Gives plants cells support Plants cell have large vacuole Animal cells have many small vacuole |
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Cytoskeleton |
Microfilament provide shape+movement Microtubules transport materials through cytoplasm |
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Centrioles |
9 bundles of 2 microtubes Cell division Only in animal cells |
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Plastids |
Chemical factories or storehouse for food or pigment |
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Cell wall |
Protects + supports the cell Primary cell wall made of cellulose Plants cells have secondary wall with lamella |
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Cytoplasm |
Jelly like substance that fills the interior of cell Metabolic reaction occur within |
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Cilia and flagella |
A flagellum is a whip like tail Aid in movement Cilia (cilium) are shorter hair like structures that aids in movement |
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Prokaryotic cells |
Bacteria and cynobacteria Have no true nucleus |
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Eukaryotice cells |
Plants and animals cells True nucleus |
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Biodiversity |
Variety of life on earth |
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Genetic diversity |
Allows populations to adapt to changes |
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Species diversity |
Allows ecosystems to survive environmental changes |
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Ecosystem diversity |
Allows different species to thrive |
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Threats to biodiversity |
Climate change Disease Habitat fragmentation Pollution Exploitation (hunting) Species introduction |
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Keystone species |
Species that have large impact on ecosystem |
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Cellular basis of life |
Multi cellular Nerve cell Muscle cell Blood cell |
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Cell theory |
All living organism are composed of cells. Unicellular or multicellular Cells basic unit of life Cells come from pre existing cells |
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Modern cell theory |
Energy flow occurs within cells DNA is passed from cell to cell All cells have same basic chemical composition |
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Taxonomy |
Naming, identifying, classifying species |
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8 main taxa |
Domain: cells with membrane bound nucleus and organelles Kingdom Phylum: backbone+spine Class Order Family Genus Species |
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6 kingdoms |
Animalia Plantae Fungi Protista Monera (split) new bacteria + arcea bacteria |
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3 major domains |
Eukaryota: multi cellular Animals, plants, fungi Bacteria: Diseases Cyanbacteria Heterotrophic bacteria Archaea: survives in extreme conditions Methanogens:methane producing Halophikes: salty water Thermopiles: extreme temp Tardigrades: can survive in space |
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Binomial Nomenclature |
Genus + species Genus is always caps |
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Creators of taxonomy |
Aristotle Carl von Linne added |
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Dichotomous keys |
Device used to identify an unknown organism Consists of 2 part statement that describes organisms |
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What defines a living thing? |
Movement+ growth Sensing + responding Energy use Excretion Gas exchange Maintain homeostasis Made of cells |
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Homeostasis |
Steady To maintain fairly stable conditions for survival |
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Properties if viruses |
Not living No cellular structures Don't retire or exchange games Don't carry out metabolic activity Do consist of protein coat=capsid Are mobile Contain DNA Reproduce |
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2 types of viral reproduction |
Start of each Phage attaches to host and injects DNA DNA cirularizes Lytic cycle New phage DNA+ proteins synthesize and assemble into virons Cell lyse breaks releasing phage virons Lysogenic cycle Phage DNA integrates withing the bacterial chromosome by recombination becoming a prophage Reproduces becoming a prophage Reproduces |
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Bacteria |
Are prokaryotes living thing without a nucleus with a single strand of DNA Single celled Reproduces asexually + sexually Live in moist enviroments |
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Kingdom eubacteria |
"True bacteria" Need oxygen Classified by Shape Cocci (sphere) tooth decay Bacilii (Rod) food poisoning Spirilli (spiral) syphilis Reproduces asexually Donor gives DNA to recipient Helpful Probiotic- yeast, yogurt, beer/wine Harmful Responsible for food spoilage and disease |
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Bioremediation |
Use of bacteria to remove or neutralize polluted soil or water |
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Protista |
Extremely diverse Eukaryotes Aerobic Protozoans Some resemble animals Heterotrophic- Ingestion of other organisms or dead things No cell walls Algae Some resemble plants Presence of chlorophyll Mainly unicellular Source of biological energy Slime moulds Some resemble fungi Complex life cycle Absorb nutrients from environment Parasitic |
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Fungi |
Multicellular eukaryotes Heterotrophs Reproduce both sexually+asexually Zygomycota "case like" bread mold Ascomycota "sac like" yeast Bagidiomycota "club like" mushrooms |
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Animalia |
Most diverse in appearance Carry out the following Feeding Respiration Circulation Excretion Response Movement Reproduction 95% are invertebrates Are multicellular, heterotropic, eukaryotes Stores carbohydrates resources as oxygen |
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Classifying animals |
Backbone? Levels of organization Number of body layers Symmetry Body cavity Movement Reproduction |
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Cephalization |
Concentration of sense organs and nerves cells at front end of body |
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Invertebrates |
Platyhelminthes- Flatworms Nematodes- roundworms Annelids- earthworms Mollusks- snails,slugs,oysters Echinoderms- starfish, sea urchins Arthripods-spiders,crustaceans, insects |