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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Specific carbamate for which 2-PAM therapyis contraindicated: |
carbaryl |
|
Naphthalene causes this kind of damage to RBCs: |
oxidative |
|
Stimulation of this by nicotine can causeself-decontamination: |
crtz |
|
IV ________ therapy is sometimesused to treat highly lipophilic toxins |
lipid |
|
Piscicide that targets cellular metabolism: |
rotenone |
|
Rapid paralysis of insects by the action ofpyrethrins on neuronal sodium channels: |
knockdown |
|
Acidificaton of the urine can __________ excretion of nicotine |
increase |
|
Treats severe muscle tremors in pyrethrin toxicity: |
methocarbamol |
|
The Half-life of ivermectin is ________ than that of amitraz |
longer |
|
Specific antagonist for amitraz toxicity: |
atipamazole |
|
Dose repeatedly if a toxin is known to undergoenterohepatic recycling: |
activated charcoal |
|
Where most ivermectin is excreted intact: |
feces |
|
This happens to organochlorines in fat animals: |
redistribution |
|
Protein responsible for keeping ivermectin outof the CNS: |
p-glycoprotein |
|
Suspected to be part of D-limonene'smechanism of action: |
hypotension |
|
Contraindicated if significant CNS depression orseizures present |
emesis |
|
Organophosphate bond to AChE, different fromcarbamates |
irreversible |
|
Toxin with a very rapid onset that could be enhanced byconcurrent antacid therapy: |
nicotine |
|
Onset and duration of carbamate toxicity isusually than organophosphate: |
faster |
|
Naphthalene mothballs do it in salt water: |
float |
|
Used in treatment of bothorganophosphate and carbamate toxicity |
atropine |
|
Channels that organochlorines target |
sodium |
|
Species most sensitive to pyrethrins: |
fish |
|
Inhibitory neurotransmitter that accounts forsome of the toxicity with ivermectin |
GABA |
|
CNS is a common presenting signof amitraz toxicity |
depression |
|
Perhaps the most prominent sign with pyrethrintoxicity |
tremors |
|
Can occur during aggressivetreatment of pyrethrin toxicity and prolong clinical signs |
hypothermia |
|
Very high lipophilicity of DDT has led to this inthe food chain |
bioaccumulation |
|
Organochlorine toxicity usually causes __________ of the CNS |
stimulation |
|
Clinically found in cats with naphthalenetoxicity: |
methemoglobin |
|
Nicotine, organophosphates and carbamates allmimic exaggerated amounts of this neurotransmitter |
acetylcholine |
|
Free hemoglobin poses a risk of damage to these: |
Kidneys |
|
These pyrethroids are more potent insecticidesbecause of their alpha-cyano group: |
type 2 |
|
Can greatly enhance theabsorption of rotenone: |
oils |
|
Increases the skin absorption of somepyrethroids (like fenvalerate): |
DEET |
|
A common feature of organochlorine toxicosis: |
seizures |
|
Pyrethrins and pyrethroids are relatively__________ in air and light |
unstable |
|
Rotenone metabolites in mammals are this,different from fish and insects |
nontoxic |
|
Presence of organochlorine residues in thistissue confirms exposure but not toxicity |
fat |
|
With organophosphates this kind ofpolyneuropathy is sometimes seen |
delayed |
|
Flower extract that can be used as an insecticide: |
pyrethrum |
|
Receptors first affected by acetylcholinesteraseinhibitors: |
muscarinic |
|
With nicotine toxicity a __________ urine pH will reduce excretion |
high |
|
D-limonene is frequently used in shampoos thatrepel or treat this parasite: |
flea |
|
Fenthion is an example of anorganophosphate that requires this for toxicity |
bioactivation |
|
Dichlorvos is unique among OPs in that it can dothis in fat: |
sequester |
|
Late stages and ultimate death with OP and Carbamatetoxicity results from this occurring at nicotinic receptors |
blockade |
|
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis has rarely beenreported with this product |
d-limonene |
|
If a cat presents with acute toxicity consistingof CNSdepression,hypotension and a wet oily spot on their back you maynot be surprised if the spotsmells like this |
citrus |
|
A RBC morphology thatindicates oxidative stress and can be seen in naphthalenetoxicity: |
heinz body |
|
Generally more toxic by inhalation than byingestion: |
rotenone |
|
Piperonyl butoxide is often added topyrethroids to do this to their metabolism |
slow |
|
Most sensitive to organochlorine toxicity |
cat |
|
An excitatory neurotoxin indogs and cats for which the mechanism of action has not been determined |
DEET |
|
Organophosphates may undergo storage __________ but carbamates do not |
activation |
|
Onset of signs after toxic nicotine exposure |
rapid |
|
P-glycoprotein acts as this kind of pump to keepivermectin out of the CNS |
efflux |
|
Sometimes seen in amitraz toxicity due to thetoxin's effects on insulin |
hyperglycemia |
|
Inappropriate use of canine products on felines is a commoncause for this toxicity |
pyrethroid |
|
Slowing Na+ efflux and K+ influx leading topartial depolarization of nerves is the main mechanism ofaction of what toxin group? |
organochlorine |
|
Enterohepatic recycling is significant inorganochlorine toxicity because of this feature of the toxin |
lipophilicity |
|
Carbamate bond to AChE which is part of the reason 2-PAM is less effective: |
reversible |
|
Unlike OP toxicity in otheranimals, in ruminants you may see CNS __________ |
depression |
|
A more potent way to be exposed to rotenone: |
inhalation |
|
A metabolite of DDT is o,p-DDD (mitotane)which can affect this gland |
adrenal |
|
Functional adaptation and receptordownregulation can account for this seen in some chronic OP exposures: |
tolerance |
|
Decontamination therapy for d-limonene exposureusually will involve this |
bathing |
|
Has a very long half-life(years) in soil: |
DDT |
|
Organophosphates that require lethal synthesisare generally toxic to very young animals |
less |
|
Minimum number of mothballs that could causetoxicity to a 6.5kg dog if ingested |
one |