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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Any chemical used in treatment, relief, or prevention of disease
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Chemotherapeutic agent
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Produced by Microorganisms
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antibiotics
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Produced in laboratory
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synthetic drugs
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Modification of natural antibiotics
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Semi-Synthetic
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Agent must harm microbes without causing significant damage to host is
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selective toxicity
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Successfully eliminates organism if the level is maintained over a period of time
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Therapeutic dosage level
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Causing host damage
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Toxic dosage level
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The Maximun Tolerable Dose/KG divided by Minimum Dose /KG that cures is
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Chemotherapeutic index
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A high Chemotherapeutic index indicates
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Good selective toxicity
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Agents that attack a wide variety of microorganisms
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Broad Spectrum agents--can kill both gram + and gram -
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Agents that attack a small number of organisms
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Narrow Spectrum Agents
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Agents that act on an important structure or function in microorganisms which differs from its counter part in animals
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antimicrobials
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Penicillin, bactracin, and cephalosporin are examples of antimicrobials that do what?
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Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
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Antibiotics that act as detergents and dissolve bacterial cell membranes
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Polymyxin antibiotics
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How do polymyxin antibiotics work?
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Polyene antibodies bind to sterols in fungal membranes
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Tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, chloramphenical are examples of
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inhibitors of protein synthesis
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Inhibition of protein synthesis work on Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes because of?
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differences between bacterial and animal ribosomes
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Rifamycin is an example of a
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inhibitor of nucleic acid synthesis
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Two mechanisms of antimetabolites
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Competitive inhibition and erroneous incorporation
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Erroneous incorporation causes what?
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incorrect base pairing
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What are the side effects of antibiotics?
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Toxicity, Allergy, Disruption of normal flora
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Antibiotics do not induce mutations but
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select for mutants already present
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This mutation often alters DNA that codes for ribosomol proteins
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Chromosonal resistance
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This mutation is usually due to the presence of plasmids called R factors and are transferred by transformation or conjugation
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Extra Chromosomonal resistance
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Characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent are
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Solubility in body fluids, selective toxicity, non allergenic, maintenance of constant therapeutic concentration in blood and tissue fluid, few resistant organisms, long shelf life, and reasonable cost
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