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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Genes
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-segments of DNA along the chromosomes
-contain hereditary intructions -people all over the world are 99.1 % genetically identical -each baby gets a unique genetic make up except for identical twins |
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Chromosome
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-found in the nucleus of the cell
-store and transmit genitic information -come in 23 matches pairs -46 in total -23rd chromosome is the sex chromosome -each side of each pair comes from one parent -made up od DNA |
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Genotype
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An individual gentic make up
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Phenotype
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An individuals physical behavioral charactenstics, influenced by both genes and environment
-it is what you see |
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Alleles
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-each of the two forms of a gene occuring the same place in a pair of chomosomes
-if the alleles are similar the child is homozygous and the trait will be expressed (b+b=b) -if rhe alleles are different the child is heterozygous and the relationship between the alleles determines the phenotype (br+b=b) |
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Heterozygous alleles
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-dominant
-recessive inheritance of only one allele is apparent -incomplete dominant -both allelas are expressed in the phenotype resulting in a combined intermediate trait |
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identical twins
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-the zygote splits into two during the process of cell division
-same dentic make up |
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Fraternal twins
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-fertilization of two ova
-genitically different |
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x-linked
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aressive allele is carried on the X chromosome
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polygenetic
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the phenotype is based on the influence of multiple genes
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Gamete
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huamn sperm and ova, which contain half as many chromosomes as regular body cells
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DNA
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-deoxyribonucleic acid
-is a long double-stranded molecule that looks like a twisted ladder |
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23rd -pair chromosomal make up of male and female
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the x and y chro
-the sex chro |
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Chromosomal abnormalities
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-results from mistakes during meiosis when ovum and sperm are formed, when the chromosome pair doesnt separate properly
-multiple genes usually result ingreater physical and mental problems -most common is down syndrome -down syndrone is a result of the failure of thr 21st pair of the chromosomes to separate during meiosis - as a mother get older chances of d.s increases, the age of 48 there is a 1/15 chance the baby will have d.s chance |
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Autosome disorder
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result in miscarriage
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compare
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when poverity increases and families become homeless a countrymight decide tobuild more low-cost housing, raise minimum wage, and increase welfare
-kids arent doing well in school government will grant more tax money to schools, strengthen teacher preparation and make sure kids tha need extra help get it |
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Major criticism
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Heritability
-a strong genetic influence, others believe that heredity is barely involved Concordance rate -the tendency for schizophrenia, depression and criminality to run in families is partly due to genetic factors , we also know enviroment is involved liek the stressors ,poverty, family , conflict and disorganized home and neighood life |
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Passive genetic-evironmental correlation
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-parents provide their kids with genes and environments based on their own gentic make up
-parents athletic therefore i am athletic |
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Evocative genetic- environmental correlation
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-the responses a child envokes from a people are influenced by the childs genetics and these responces strengthen a childs original style
-chris is a jerk people avoid him therefore he becomes a bigger jerk |
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Active genetic- environmental correlation
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Children actively seek environments that fit with their genetic tendences
-it becomes active because it is enjoyed therefore the child does it more |
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Canalization
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-the tendency of heredity (genetics) to restrict the development of some characteristics to just one or a few outcomes(the baby will still learn how to walk)
-highly canalized motor and sensory development -it still will had no matter what enviroment the child is in -I.Q is mediumly canalized -personiality is mediumly canalized because it is 50% enviroment and 50% genetics like IQ |
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Know that
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-environmental factors can modify gene expression
(live in florida will be tan) |