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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is the most immediate source of energy for muscle contraction?
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d. stored ATP
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The "charge" or voltage difference at the Motor End Plate is known as?
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*e. end-plate potential
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Per glucose molecule, how many net ATP's are produced by the typical anaerobic respiration processes in humans?
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*e. 2
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What is the more immediate effect upon the arrival of the action potential at the distal end of the motor neuron's axon ?
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*d. oppening of calcium channels
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For light to moderate exercising that lasts for more than 10 minutes, how much of the muscles ATP is produced by the aerobic respiration route?
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*a. 90%
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What is the source of phosphate for the creatine kinase ?
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*a. creatine phosphate
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Several G actin molecules combined into a long chain?
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*a. F actin
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Name the phase of a muscle twitch for which the stimulation (AP) first arrives and tension just begins, but no contraction is seen?
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b. latent
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Which group of proteins is mutated in the disease marked by muscular atrophy and weakening?
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*a. dystrophins
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Which of the following describes the slow oxidative muscles ?
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*e. utilize aerobic respiration
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The area where nerves meet nerve or nerves meet muscle?
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*a. synapse
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What molecule covers the active sites of actin
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a. tropomyosin
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Which of the following best describes the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
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*e. to store calcium ions
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A disease in which antibodies are produced against the receptors for the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction ?
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*c. myasthenia gravis
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What structure attaches muscle to bone?
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*c. tendon
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What structures mark the ends of the sarcomere
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*a. z line
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A type of contraction in which the muscle lengthens as tension is evenly maintained ?
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*d. eccentric isotonic contraction
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Which of the is a major cause of muscular fatigue?
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*d. altered electrochemical gradient due to sodium pump disruption
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A toxin, used in poison arrows and as a medical anesthetic, which locks the neurotransmitter receptors at the neuromuscular junction?
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d. curare
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What is the function of the myosin light chain kinase ?
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*c. transfers a phosphate group from ADP to myosin during smooth muscle contraction
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The ability to receive and respond to stimuli is known as?
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b. responsiveness or excitability
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Which of the following processes directly requires ATP?
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*b. to allow the myosin head to release the active site on actin
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An immature muscle cell is known as?
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*b. myoblast
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What event allows the binding of the myosin heads to the active sites on actin?
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*c. active sites are exposed when tropomyosin moves away
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What is caused by the rapid influx of sodium into the muscle cell at the neuromuscular junction?
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*a. an action potential is generated in the muscle cell
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Which of the following statements is true for muscles that demonstrate very fine control?
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*b. they have small motor units
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Which of the following best demonstrates the mechanism by which botulism causes disease?
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*c. blocking or inhibiting calcium channels of the alpha motor neuron
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What is the mechanism of action for poliomyelitis
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a. destruction of motor areas of spinal cord
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Where is the concentration of potassium greatest, “inside” the cell or “outside”?
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*d. inside
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A process in which the force of contraction (tension) in a a muscle is increased by stimulating more and more motor units, rather than increasing the frequency of stimuli?
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*d. multiple motor unit summation
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A muscle type that is typified as being striated ?
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a. skeletal
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Give one diagnostic feature (what is unique about its appearance, no other muscle type shares this feature) for smooth muscle?
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c. spindle-shaped
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Another name for the Elastic Filament of a muscle cell's sarcomere?
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*b. titin
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The wasting away of a structure such as a muscle is known as ?
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*a. atrophy
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Which of the following describes the fast glycolytic muscles ?
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a. reduction in capillaries
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Which of the following inhibits the activity of the neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction ?
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*a. acetylcholinesteras
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A connective tissue covering of the muscle (deep to the fascia)?
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*d. epimysium
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Which of the following is caused by strychnine poisoning?
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*b. spastic paralysis
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A muscle type that uses intracellular calcium?
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*e. skeletal
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How much of a muscles acquired energy actually produces "work"?
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*c. 40
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