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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Philip Goldberg (1968) found that women rated articles by female authors ___ articles by men suggesting that they regard women as intellectually ___ men
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lower than; inferior to
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Recall that Janet Swim and Lawrence Sanna (1996) systematically studied a series of 58 experiments conducted over the last 20 years. These researchers found that when men succeed at a given task, participants attribute his success to ___, whereas when women succeed at that same task, participants attribute their success to ___.
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ability; hard work
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Charles Bond and his colleagues (1988) found that prejudice led to ___ treatment of black patients than white patients by white professionals in a psychiatric hospital
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harsher
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Imagine that you are a participant in the experiment by Russell Fazio and his colleagues (1995). More specifically, after you are primed with pictures of African-American faces, you then complete words. Finally, you are debriefed by an African-American experimenter. Were you a high-prejudiced person, your response time to ___, and you would treat the experimenter ___.
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"bad" words would be faster; in a cold and disinterested way
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You don't know very many people with visible tattoos, but you gappen to observe that when fights break out, they seem to involve people with tattoos. You draw the conclusion that there must be an association between having tattoos and being prone to aggression. This conclusion reflects an
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illusory correlation
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Recall that Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1961) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Intergroup hostility was relatively easy to generate. To do this, the researchers first ___ and then___.
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created in-group cohesiveness; set up a series of competitive situations
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The bogus pipeline is an instrument that was developed to measure attitudes that are otherwise difficult to measure because
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of motivations to give a socially desirable
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Recall that Muzafer Sherif and his colleagues (1951) created conflict between two groups of boys in a summer camp. Once in-group cohesiveness was established, they se up a series of competitive situations such as tug-of-war and other competitive games. Conflict between the two groups escalated. Sherif and his colleagues were only successful in reducing conflict and hostility when
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they constructed situations that fostered mutual interdependence
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Ethologist Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt (1963) raised rats in isolation. When other rats were finally introduced into their cages, rats raised alone ___, suggesting that___.
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used the same aggressive behaviors as other rats; aggression need not be learned
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Your textbook describes the results of cross-cultural observational research that addresses levels of aggression in children. According to this research which of the following children would be most likely to engage in "non-playful" pushing, hitting, and shoving on the playground
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Jason, because he is a boy
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___occurs when a person is thwarted on the way to an expected goal or gratification
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frustration
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___refers to the perception that you (or your group) have less than you were led to expect, or less that similar others have
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relative deprivation
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In a cox News Serivce (1992) survey of high school students, nearly half of the students surveyed believed that when a woman says "no" to a sexual advance, she doesn't really mean it. These findings provide support for the power of ___ to influence attitudes toward sexual aggression
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sexual scripts
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Dane Archer and Rosemary Gartner (1976, 1984) found in a cross-cultural study of war and domestic violence that being at war is correlated with increased domestic homicide rates. Why?
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war serves to legitimize violent solutions to social problems
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Dehumanizing an enemy (e.g., referring to Germans as "Krauts" or Japanese as "Nips" or "Japs" during World War II or referring to Vietnamese as "gooks" during the Vietnam War) can contribute to further aggression and even wartime atrocities by
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reducing our ability to empathize
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a principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory (Homans,1961; Thibaut& Kelley, 1959). According to this theory, we will be most lkely to help others
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when the benefits outweigh the costs
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Men are more likely to help in __, whereas women are likely to help in___.
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heroic ways; ways that involve a long term commitment
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Mary harris and her colleagues (Harris, benson, &Hall, 1975) found that churchgoers were more likely to donate charity before they attended confession than after, presumably because the act of confession
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reduced their guilt
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When John Darley and Bibb Latane (1968) exposed participants to faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that
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participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster
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Pluralistic ignorance is most likely to discourage intervention in an emergency when
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the situation is ambiguous
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Even if it is clear that a person needs help, that you are the person responsible to help, and that you know how to help, you might still decide not to help. Reasons that people do not help in such cases include all of the following except
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The situation isn't an emergency, and the Latane and Darley model isn't applicable
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Recent work by Batson and his colleagues finds that, when people develop an empathic perspective, in addition to being more likely to help, people are also more likely to express positive attitudes towards
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other members of the group they have empathized with
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When Leon Festinger and his colleagues studied friendship patterns among married couples in an apartment complex at MIT, they found that people who lived at the foot of the stairs or near mailboxes had more friends on upper floors than did other people who lived on the first floor. This illustrates the power of ___ to influence friendship patterns.
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functional distance
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Recall that Rebecca Curtis and Kim Miller (1986) assigned participants at random to have a conversation. One member of each pair was told that the other person liked him or her. Participants provided this information actually behaved in more likable ways, and their partners, too, behaved in pleasant ways. These findings demonstrate that___ may explain the the power of reciprocal liking
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self fulfilling prophecy
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