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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Therapeutic action |
What they do for a patient. i.e. analgesics relieve pain |
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Physiologic action |
What they do in the body. Histamine receptor antagonists block histamine production |
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Affected body system |
What they affect. Cardiovascular agents affect the heart and circulatory system |
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Chemical type |
What they are. i.e. barbiturates are a class of chemical compound derived from barbituric acid |
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What must be included on a prescription? |
Date, name of patient, name of drug, disage, route of administration, and frequency or time if administration and prescriber's signature. |
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In Pharmacodynamics, what is an agonist? |
Agonists are drugs that bind to, or have an affinity (attraction) for a receptor and CAUSE a particular response. |
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In Pharmacodynamics, what is an antagonist?
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Antagonists are drugs that bind to the receptor and PREVENT a response. Also known as receptor blockers. |
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Define: Side Effect |
A side effect is a predictable but unintended effect of a drug. They are rarely serious, but usually unavoidable. i.e. drowsiness |
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Define : Adverse Effects |
Undesired, potentially harmful side effects of drugs. i.e. nausea and vomiting, drug toxicity, hyper sensitivity, and idiosyncratis (unusual) reactions. |
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What is the time between onset and disappearance of drug effects called? |
Duration |
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What are 3 major categories of medication administration routes? |
Enteral, topical, and parenteral. |
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Enteral medication is taken primarily by _____ |
Mouth |
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Topical medications are intended for application to the ____ or a _____________________ |
Skin, mucous membrane-lined cavity |
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Abbreviation: bid |
Twice a day |
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Abbreviation: stat |
Immediately |
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Abbreviation: tid
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Three times a day |
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Abbreviation: h,hr
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Hour |
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Abbreviation: qid
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four times a day
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Abbreviation: q
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every |
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Abbreviation: q2h
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every 2 hours |
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Abbreviation: qh
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every hour |
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What are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics? |
Absorption Distribution Biotransformation Excretion |
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Define: Absorption |
The process by which a drug is taken into the body and moves from the site of administration into the blood. |
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Define: distribution |
The process of drug molecules diffusing out of the blood stream to the site of action. |
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The chemical composition of a drug is change by a process called metabolism or _____________ |
biotransformation |
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Medications taken into the body are eliminated in the process called ___________ |
Excretion |
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What 3 things did the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) do? |
Required all drugs marketed in the US to meet minimal standards of uniform strength, purity, and quality. Required that preparations containing morphine be labeled. Established 2 references of officially approved drugs: United State Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF) |
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What act established the US Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)? |
Controlled Substances Act (1970) |
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What act established the US Food and Drug Administration? |
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act 1938; amended in 1952 and 1965) |
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Drugs with very limited potential for dependence. Medically accepted for use. Many are OTC medications. |
C-V |
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What are C-I drugs? |
Drugs with high abuse potential and severe physical and psychologic dependence. No medicinal use, research only. |
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Give an example of C-I drugs. |
Heroin, LSD, PCP, marijuana |
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Anabolic steroids are in which schedule of controlled substances? |
C-III |
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Define C-II controlled substances. |
High potential for drug abuse. Accepted medical use, but can lead to physical and psychological dependency. Specific restrictions. |
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This class of controlled substances have a potential for dependency. Medically accepted for use. Limited psychologic and physical dependence. |
C-IV |
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What are the 5 "RIGHTS" of medication administration? |
Right Drug Right Dose Right Route Right Patient Right Time |
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What information is contained on a medication label? |
Name Strength Amount Expiration Date Administration route Manufacturer Storage directions Warnings or precautions Lot number Schedule |
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What supplies are used in surgery? |
Syringes, hypodermic needles, pitchers, basins, med cups, and petri dishes. |
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When should you label your medications that have been delivered to the sterile field? |
Immediately after accepting them from the circulator. |
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What information needs to be on the label on your back table medications? |
Name of medication & strength |
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Describe the steps of medication identification. |
Read the label when obtaining the drug. Check integrity of the container. Circulator reads label to STSR. Circulator shows label to STSR. STSR repeats the information. Medication is delivered to the field by circulator. Medication is labeled. |
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When passing meds to the surgeon you should _________. |
Say the name of the medication. |
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Who selects the generic name of a medication? |
USP/NF |
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What are pharmacogenomics? |
Pharmacogenomics refers to the general study of ALL genes that determine medication behavior. |
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What are pharmacogenetics? |
Pharmacogenetics is the study of genetic factors in predicting a medications action and how it could vary from its intended response. |
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What are disadvantages of pharmacogenomics? |
Complex science High cost Training professionals for this field is a challenge. |
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Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act |
Drug effectiveness Animal Testing Approval to market based on tests |
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Bolus |
A dose of medication given rapidly intravenously |
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What is an example of a natural plant and natural mineral source? |
Plant belladonna plant (Atropine) foxglove (Digitalis) opium poppy (Morphine) Mineral silver salts (Silvadine cream used for burns) calcium (TUMS) magnesium (Mylanta) |
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Give an example of a therapeutic action. |
Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Thrombolytic Antipyretic |
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A vasoconstrictor is an example of what type of action? |
Physiologic Action |
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What is a solution? |
chemical dissolved in liquid. |
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What is a suspension? |
Chemical undissolved in liquid. |