Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
261 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who is credited with the birth of sterile processing? |
American College of Surgeons |
|
The sterile processing department is defined as |
That service area within the hospital which processes, issues, and controls professional supplies and equipment, both sterile and unsterile, for all departments and units of the hospital for the care and safety of the patients |
|
WB Underwood |
Performed extensive studies. Established the philosophy of centralization of processing. |
|
Where were supplies sterilized, prepared, and distributed in the early days? |
The OR Separate departments where they were used |
|
Dr. John Perkins |
From AMSCO Advocated the centralization of processing in one department so that all procedures could be standardized. |
|
What is the Role of a SPT? |
Retrieves, receives, cleans, decontaminates, assembles, disinfects, sterilizes, distributes, and stores devices, and instruments. |
|
Other names for Sterile Processing Departments? |
Central Services, Central Supply, Central Sterile Supply, Sterile Processing Material Services |
|
Areas of the sterile processing department? |
Decon Prep & Pack High level disinfection Sterilization Sterile Storage Sterile stores Case Cart Dispatch Loaned Instrument Patient Care Equipment clean-up |
|
Decon |
Soiled items are received and cleaned. Must have a safe transport method to Decon. |
|
Prep & Pack |
Cleaned items are inspected, assembled, packaged |
|
High Level Disinfection |
Cleaned items are high-level disinfected. They go to Prep and Pack. |
|
Sterilization |
Terminal sterilization is performed. May have additional areas for ethylene oxide sterilization and cart cooling. |
|
Sterile Storage Area |
Where sterile items are stored |
|
Case Cart |
Where sterile supplies are kept and picked. |
|
Sterile Stores |
Where items from outside manufacturers are stored. Also called Medical Supply Distribution or Central Supply |
|
Dispatch |
Where sterile and clean items are dispensed |
|
Loaned Instrument |
Loaned instruments are returned here |
|
Patient Care Equipment |
Patient care equipment is cleaned and disinfected |
|
The SPD is said to be |
The heart of the hospital |
|
Work flow begins in the |
Decontamination area |
|
Describe the work flow progresses |
1. Items recieved in Decon > Items cleaned > Prep & Pack: inspected and tested > Trays/sets assembled, labeled, and wrapped/packaged > Sterilized > Items cooled/distributed |
|
What area would high level disinfection take place? |
Prep & Pack |
|
SPT's must do what when leaving the Decon area? |
Remove all PPE and wash hands |
|
Visitors to the SPD should start where and progress to where? |
Clean area > soiled area |
|
What is TJC? What do they do? |
The Joint Commission. Establishes accrediting standards and conducts inspections for healthcare institutions. |
|
What two organizations offer SPD certification? |
CBSPD Certification Board for Sterile Processing and Distribution HSPA Healthcare Sterile Processing Association |
|
Who would a SPT report to? Who would they report to? Who would report to SPT? |
Lead Tech SPD manager Inventory Tech reports to SPT |
|
Anatomy is |
Structure of body parts |
|
Physiology is |
Functions of body parts |
|
Levels of organization in the body (4) |
Cellular: smallest structural unit
Tissue: similar cells from same part of body
Organ: a structure of several kinds of tissue
System: has many different organs that work together. 11 major systems. |
|
11 Major Body Systems |
Nervous Endocrine Muscular Skeletal Reproductive Urinary Lymphatic Respiratory Circulatory Digestive Integumentary |
|
What do cells need? |
Water Food Oxygen Heat Pressure |
|
AXIAL Skeleton |
BONY AND CARTILAGINOUS PROTECTS ORGANS OF HEAD, NECK, TRUNK |
|
AXIAL Skeleton bones: |
SKULL HYOID BONE VERTEBRAL COLUMN THORACIC CAGE |
|
How many vertebrae do we have? |
26 |
|
How many ribs do we have? |
12 |
|
What are the sections of vertebrae? |
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar Sacral Coccygeal |
|
Appendicular skeleton is: |
The bones of limbs and their anchor bones. |
|
Appendicular bones: |
PECTORAL GIRDLE LIMB UPPER AND LOWER BONES PELVIC GIRDLE |
|
Longest bone in the body: |
Femur |
|
Bone is a connective tissue composed of: |
Cells and protein fibers woven in gel of water, mineral salts, carbohydrates. |
|
Diseases of the bone: |
Bone cancer Leukemia Osteoarthritis |
|
Sets used for bone cases: |
Arthroscopes Arthroscopic instruments Total hip sets Total knee sets Open reduction/internal fixation sets Cannulated screw sets |
|
Involuntary muscle: |
Cardiac muscle |
|
3 types of muscle tissues: |
Skeletal muscle Smooth muscle Cardiac muscle |
|
Diseases of the muscular system: |
Muscular dystrophy Myasthenia Gravis |
|
Muscular System medical devices/instruments: |
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) set Arthroscopes Tenotomy set |
|
The 3 layers of integument (skin): |
Epidermis Dermis Hypodermis |
|
Diseases of the integument (skin): |
Skin cancer, psoriasis, eczema |
|
Skin grafts are harvested by this surgical device: |
Dermatome |
|
Functions of the circulatory system: |
Transportation Regulation Protection |
|
Substances transported by the circulatory system: |
Respiratory Nutritive Excretory |
|
Microorganisms include: |
Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protozoa Microscopic algae |
|
Biogenesis means: |
Living cells can only arise from pre-existing living cells |
|
Microorganisms are measured in: |
Microns |
|
One micron is this big: |
1/25 thousandths/ inch |
|
Most bacteria's size in microns: |
1-10 microns (length), and 0.2 - 1 micron (width) |
|
What is the Gram stain used for? |
Identifying different types of bacteria: gram-negative and gram-positive |
|
Pathogenic means |
Disease producing |
|
Non pathogenic mean |
Non disease producing |
|
Round/spherical bacteria is called: |
Cocci |
|
Rod-shaped bacteria is called: |
Bacilli |
|
How many cells does bacteria have and what is the term for it? |
One, Unicellular |
|
Bacteria reproduce by: |
Binary fission (Asexual reproduction) |
|
Microorganisms that need oxygen are: |
Aerobic |
|
Microorganisms that don't need oxygen are called: |
Anaerobic |
|
"Facultative" microorganisms means: |
They are adaptive to environment |
|
"Obligate" microorganisms means: |
They can only survive in particular environments |
|
Gram-Positive Bacilli survival characteristics: |
Can become dormant Shrinks |
|
Endospores (spores) facts: |
Is a gram-positive bacteria. Durable. Dehydrated. Hard, thick cell walls. Can survive extreme heat, lack of water, chemicals, and radiation. Resistant to sterilization.Remains dormant for years. Remains dormant for years. |
|
Gram-Positive rods species: |
Bacillus Clostridium Mycobacteria |
|
Clostridium diseases: |
C.diff (C.difficile) Tetanus (C. tetani) Botulism (C. botulinum) Gas gangrene (C. perfringens) (C. perfringens) |
|
Bacillus diseases: |
Anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) |
|
What spore is used to test sterilizers? |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
|
Mycobacteria characteristics: |
Non-spore Aerobic Non-moving |
|
"Myco" means: |
Fungus |
|
What is the microorganism responsible for TB? |
Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
Gram-Positive cocci family: |
Staphylococcus Streptococcus Enterococcus |
|
Staphylococci facts: |
Is on skin, nose, throat Transferred through direct contact or contaminated surfaces. Resistant to antibiotics. |
|
MRSA comes from what gram-positive cocci? |
Staphylococci (specifically Staphylococcus aureus) |
|
Is Streptococci gram-negative or positive? Rod or sphere shaped? |
Gram-Positive Sphere shaped |
|
Streptococci are responsible for these diseases: |
Scarlet fever Pharyngitis Pneumococcal pneumonia |
|
Enterococci facts: |
Gram-Positive cocci Are intestinal bacteria Found in feces, intestine, genitourinary tract Transferred human to human or through food Resistant to antibiotics |
|
Gram-negative bacilli: |
Pseudomonas Escherichia coli Salmonella Klebsiella pneumoniae Serratia marcescens Legionella pneumophila |
|
Gram-negative cocci: |
Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcal meningitis) |
|
Spirochetes causes: |
Syphilis (Treponema pallidum) |
|
Spirochetes facts: |
Gram-negative. Found in humans and animals. Found in water, sewage, soil, decaying organic matter. |
|
Some viruses are: |
Ebola virus Zika virus H1N1 Influenza virus |
|
Protozoa facts: |
Single-celled. Variety of shapes. Can be either free living or parasitic. Classified by their means of locomotion.
|
|
Some types of Fungi: |
Yeasts Multi-cellular molds Macroscopic species (mushrooms) |
|
Fungi facts: |
Lack flagella. Develops from fungi spores or fragments. Obsorbs organic matter to function. |
|
Immunocompromised people are at risk of these fungi diseases: |
Aspergillosis Candidiasis Cryptococcosis |
|
Prions are: |
Abnormal proteins |
|
Prion diseases are otherwise known as: |
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE's) |
|
What is iatrogenic transmission? |
Transmission as a result of healthcare procedures |
|
One of the prion diseases: |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
|
Prion facts: |
Neurodegenerative disorder. Fails to induce inflammatory response. Causes brain/nerve damage. Long incubation period. Can remain dormant. Always fatal. |
|
Human prion diseases include: |
CJD variant CJD Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome fatal familial insomnia kuru |
|
What are MDRO's? |
Multi-drug-resistant organisms |
|
MDRO facts: |
Mostly bacteria microorganisms Resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents Transmitted patient-to-patient via healthcare workers |
|
What are some MDRO's? |
MRSA Staphylococcus aureus CRE (carbapenum-resistant enterobacteriaceae Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus |
|
VRE facts: |
Transmitted by direct contact. Survives on hard surfaces for 5-7 days. Survives on hands for hours. |
|
Microorganisms resistant to drugs: |
Salmonella E. coli M. tuberculosis CRE MRSA VRE |
|
Carbapenum-resistant-enterobacteriaceae (CRE) facts: |
Transmitted by healthcare workers or medical equipment. High mortality rate Associated with GI endoscopes and duodenoscopes. |
|
Enterobacteriaceae is mostly found in: |
Gastrointestinal tract |
|
A pathogen is a: |
Disease-causing organism |
|
Most effective ways to reduce spread of C. difficile: |
Hand hygiene Contact precautions |
|
How long can C. difficile spores survive on dry surfaces? |
Weeks or months |
|
What chemical is used to decrease C. difficile contamination in surfaces? |
Phosphate-buffered hypochlorite solution (bleach) |
|
What items have been implicated in C. diff outbreaks? |
Reusable electronic rectal thermometers Bedside commode IV machines Overhead bedframes High touch surfaces |
|
Ways bacteria can resist our defenses: |
Producing capsules Producing enzymes Releasing toxins |
|
Foreign organisms or substances invading the body are called: |
Antigens |
|
Immunity is the ability: |
Of the body to counteract antigens |
|
Active immunity: |
A person is exposed to microorganisms or foreign substances. |
|
Passive immunity: |
Antibodies are transferred person to person. Lasts as long as antibodies are present. (weeks or months) |
|
Reservoirs of infection: |
Human (main reservoir)
Animal (rabies, Lyme, influenza)
Nonliving: water (gastrointestinal disease), soil (botulism and fungi) |
|
Modes of disease transmission: |
Contact Droplet Air Vehicle Vectors |
|
Contact transmission is: |
Person-to-person Direct contact Can be through body fluids or intact skin. |
|
What is a "fomite"? |
An inanimate object that transmits infection. (Eating utensils, syringes, rusty nail, etc.) |
|
Droplet Transmission facts: |
A form of contact transmission. Droplets travel short distances. Air handling/ventilation is not required.
|
|
How does droplet transmission happen? |
Respiratory droplets travel from one person's respiratory tract to the other person's mucosal surfaces. |
|
How are respiratory droplets generated? |
Coughing, sneezing, talking. Procedures: suctioning, intubation, cough induction by chest physiotherapy, CPR. |
|
Some pathogens spread by droplets: |
Influenza SARS Coronavirus Group A streptococcus Mycoplasma pneumoniae Neisseria meningitidis Bordetella pertussis |
|
Airborne transmission facts: |
From droplet nuclei or particles small enough to be be inhaled. Disbursed by air currents. Can carry pathogens over long distances and remain airborne for a long time. Requires airborne infection isolation rooms (AIIRs) |
|
Vehicle transmission facts: |
Transmission occurs by water, air, food, body fluids, drugs, IV fluids. |
|
Vehicle transmission by air is: |
Droplet nuclei in dust that travels more than 3 feet. |
|
Pathogens spread through vehicle transmission by air: |
Measles TB Staphylococci Streptococci |
|
Vector transmission happens when: |
Animals or insects transmit diseases to food or water or by biting/injesting blood. |
|
Vector transmitted diseases: |
Rocky Mountain spotted fever Lyme disease |
|
What are the most common portals of exit? |
Respiratory tract Gastrointestinal tract Genitourinary tract |
|
What are the common portals of entry? |
Mucous membranes Skin Parenteral tissue |
|
What is the parenteral route? |
Skin or mucous membranes that have been penetrated or injured. |
|
What are the transmission based precautions? |
Contact Droplet Airborne |
|
How often should training in reprocessing be provided? |
Upon hire/before employee works At least once a year When new devices or protocols are introduced including changes in IFU's |
|
What two steps are the decontaminating process? |
Manual or mechanical cleaning Thermal or chemical disinfection |
|
What is microorganisms on a contaminated item called? |
Bioburden |
|
How often should temperature and humidity be monitored and documented in the SPD? |
Daily |
|
If temperature or humidity levels are not at recommended levels what should we do? |
Report to SPD supervisor or manager |
|
Verification of a IFU's CLEANING process's effectiveness/useability consists of: |
Defining a cleaning process and it's steps. Ensuring each step can be performed accurately, by adequately training and observing workers. A verification system and methods to ensure cleaning process is performed adequately. |
|
Factors that impact cleaning: |
Water quality Water temperature Cleaning chemistries of the detergent Type of action used to clean Type of soil Worker competence Verification/documenting effectiveness Quality assurance (monitoring compliance) |
|
Cleaning Process Steps: |
Sorting Disposing Pre-rinsing/presoaking Washing Rinsing Drying Inspecting |
|
What are pyrogens? |
Fever-producing substances |
|
How do you remove biofilm? |
Direct friction and/or oxidizing chemicals |
|
What factors should be considered in selecting a detergent for cleaning? |
The quality of the water Water temperature Type / amount of soil What the item is made of How the item will be cleaned |
|
Types of detergents: |
Enzymatic Organic acid High-alkaline Non-abrasive cleaning agents Soaps Precleaning sprays/foams/gels |
|
Cart washers usually use what type of detergent? |
High-alkaline detergent |
|
High-alkaline detergents should not be used on what materials? |
Anodized aluminum rigid sterilization containers Rubber Some plastics |
|
Organic acid detergent is used for what material and why? |
Stainless steel for removing severe stains and rust |
|
Instruments cleaned with organic acid detergent should be neutralized afterward with what? |
Neutral pH detergent |
|
Instruments cleaned with high-alkaline detergent should be neutralized with what? |
Neutralizing acid rinse |
|
Non-abrasive cleaning agents are used for: |
Removing stubborn soil and stains. Must be rinsed with detergent after. |
|
Non-abrasive cleaning agents are used for: |
Removing stubborn soil and stains. Must be rinsed with detergent after. |
|
Instrument lumens should be precleaned by flushing with what? |
Sterile distilled water or other suitable agent. |
|
What are the types of enzymatic detergents? What are they for? |
Protease - blood, mucous, feces, albumin Lipase - fat, bone marrow, adipose tissue Amylase - starches, carbohydrates |
|
What should be done to instruments after using non-abrasive cleaning agents? |
Washed with a detergent afterwards. |
|
What soap is used when soap is recommended to clean instruments? |
Ivory Snow |
|
How should you CLEAN cannulated instruments? |
Soaked, flushed, and brushed |
|
During decontamination instruments should be rinsed when? |
After enzyme pre-soaking Manual cleaning Ultrasonic cleaning |
|
AAMI recommends sinks be how many inches from the floor? How many inches deep? |
36 inches from the floor 8 to 10 inches deep |
|
Cleaning solution pH should be: |
Between 7 and 9 |
|
What is the most important step in the decontamination process? |
Cleaning |
|
What is the most important step in the cleaning process? |
Rinsing |
|
The final rinse should be performed with what kind of water? |
Critical water |
|
What is critical water? |
Deionized Distilled Reverse osmosis |
|
The detergents used in ultrasonic cleaners should be: |
Low-sudsing Near neutral pH Contain surfactants |
|
When using an ultrasonic cleaner remember: |
Ultrasonic cleaners can damage Chrome plated and ebonized instruments, and endoscopic telescopes. Cork wood or glass should not be processed in an ultrasonic cleaner.
Plastics and soft metal should be avoided.
Cleaning solutions should be approved for use in ultrasonic cleaners.
Presoaking chemicals should first be removed.
Gross soil should be removed first.
The loading procedure described in the manufacturer's written IFU should be followed.
The ultrasonic cleaner IFU should be followed.
Devices with more than one part should be disassembled.
Cleaning solution should be changed after each use.
The ultrasonic cleaner should be cleaned each time it is drained.
The lid should remain closed.
The temperature of the water should be between 100° F and 140° F.
The water-detergent solution must be the gas before it is used.
Silicone mats should be removed and cleaned separately.
Trays should not be stacked.
Instruments should be open and items should be disassembled.
Instruments should be open and items should be disassembled.Mixing of metals should be avoided.Instruments in the basket should not be higher than 3 inches. Mixing of metals should be avoided.
Instruments in the basket should not be higher than 3 inches. Heavier items should be on the bottom. In an ultrasonic cleaner without flushing capability lumens should first be cleaned with a brush and rinsed. Lumens must be thoroughly rinsed after ultrasonic processing. Must follow IFU for using the correct adapter. Instruments must be rinsed after ultrasonic cleaning. Instruments should be checked for any loose parts after ultrasonic cleaning. The Ultrasonic cleaner should be located in the decontamination area. Instruments should be processed through a mechanical washer-decontaminator after ultrasonic cleaning. If not done, gloves should be worn when handling the instruments afterward.
|
|
Gram-negative microorganisms stain what color? |
Red or pink |
|
Gram-Positive microorganisms stain what color? |
Purple or blue |
|
What should the detergent pH level for cleaning plastic, aluminum, or anodized aluminum? |
7 to 9 (neutral) |
|
What is the multi-step process when high-alkaline detergents are used? |
Alkaline wash Neutralizing acid rinse Regular enzyme-based rinse |
|
What is the pH for moderately alkaline? |
9-11 |
|
What is the pH for highly alkaline? |
Higher than 11 |
|
Moderately alkaline detergent can be corrosive to what kinds of materials? |
Aluminum Copper Brass |
|
What are the cycles washer - decontaminators provide? |
Pre cleaning Cleaning Rinsing Sanitization or disinfection Drying |
|
What kind of water does the pre cleaning cycle use in a mechanical washer? |
Cold water |
|
What kind of water do the wash cycles use in a mechanical washer? What is the temperature? |
Tap water 140° f to 180° f |
|
What kind of water is used in the first rinse cycle in a mechanical washer? What is the water temperature? |
Tap water 140°F to 180°F |
|
What kind of water is used in the second rinse cycle in a mechanical washer? What is the water temperature? |
Treated water 140° f to 180° f |
|
What kind of water is used for the last rinse in a mechanical washer? What is the water temperature? |
Critical water 180° f to 230° f |
|
How long is the last rinse in a mechanical washer? |
Approximately 1 minute |
|
What are the different types of ultrasonic cleaners? |
Tabletop Single chamber Dual chamber Three chamber Single chamber with multiple trays Lumen irrigator/flusher |
|
Other than the final sanitizing rinse, the water temperature for all cycles in a mechanical washer temperature is: |
Below 154° F |
|
A major contributor to cleaning failures is: |
Improper loading of mechanical washers |
|
Cart washers are used for cleaning: |
Case carts Supply carts Sterilization containers Surgical instruments |
|
What are the cycles the cart washer provides? |
Wash cycle Rinse cycle Dry cycle |
|
What type of detergent is usually used in the cart washer? |
A high pH detergent |
|
What type of detergent should be used for anodized aluminum? |
Neutral pH |
|
How often should the cleaning process be verified for cart washers? |
Weekly |
|
What class of medical devices are rigid sterilization containers? |
Class II |
|
What is the process for receiving loaned instruments? |
Log in instruments Record: Weight of the each set Weight of each set tray Date and time of receipt Company receiving from |
|
Powered equipment should never: |
Be immersed Have contact with saline Be processed in an ultrasonic cleaner |
|
Disposable instruments often used for CJD cases: |
Craniotomy sets Brain biopsy set Suction devices |
|
How should fiber optic light cables be cleaned? |
Soft cloth and detergent |
|
Fiberoptic light cable coils should be at least: |
8 inches |
|
Verification of a cleaning process consists of: |
Defining a cleaning process and it's critical aspects so that each step is fully verifiable through personnel training and observation to ensure that it can be followed completely accurately and without variation by all individuals who perform it. Providing process controls along with verification methodologies that ensure adequate consistent cleaning levels. |
|
What testing device is used to verify the cleaning effectiveness of mechanical washers, ultrasonic cleaners, and car washers? |
Test Object Surgical Instrument (TOSI) |
|
What are some tests that are used to verify cleaning processes? |
Water quality tests Water temperature tests Flexible endoscope channel testing kits Instrument surface tests |
|
What are the two key factors in testing cart washers? |
The water is reaching all surfaces of the cart. The water temperature is accurately reached. |
|
Adequate cleaning requires an understanding of what? |
Composition of the soils. The materials the items are made of. What detergents are best suited. |
|
What is the first step in verifying the efficacy of a mechanical washer? |
Visual inspection |
|
What type of cleaning is usually recommended for lumens? |
Ultrasonic cleaning |
|
What is the first step to cleaning lumens? |
Manual cleaning using a brush & visual inspection. |
|
Orthopedic and spinal sets should be soaked in what? Some manufacturers recommend soaking for how long? |
Lipolytic enzyme solution 20 to 45 minutes |
|
How should rigid endoscopes be cleaned? |
By hand. Wiped with gauze or a soft cloth and detergent solution. Separately from other instruments. No chemicals. |
|
A high level disinfection process does not kill what? |
Bacterial spores |
|
Osmosis in disinfection means: |
The movement of a solvent through a cell membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration |
|
What can improve a disinfectants ability to kill microorganisms? |
A higher temperatures of solution |
|
Why is it important to determine whether disinfectants should be rinsed off? |
The residuals of some high level disinfectants can be toxic |
|
What kind of disinfectant leaves behind a film which inhibits the growth of microorganisms but does not destroy them? |
Bacteriostatic disinfectants |
|
What kind of disinfectant kills microorganisms but does not leave a protective film behind? |
Bacteriocidal disinfectants |
|
What type of disinfectant should not come into contact with patient's tissue? Why? |
Bacteriostatic Leaves a residue |
|
Before using any chemical you should review all information available where? |
Labels Product literature Product SDS Manufacturer's IFU |
|
What is the most important safety information to know before using any chemical? |
First aid recommendations. The need for engineering controls such as ventilation. An emergency plan in the event of spills. Special PPE or attire required. |
|
What are some of the instruments that high level disinfectants are used on? |
Flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes Transesophageal endocardiography probes Ultrasound probes |
|
What is the minimum PPE required for working with environmental disinfectants? |
Gloves and protective eyewear |
|
Types of environmental disinfectants: |
Quaternary ammonium compounds (QUATS) Halogens Phenolics Alcohols Hydrogen peroxide Ultraviolet light |
|
QUATS: |
Low level disinfectant. Ineffective against lipid viruses and spores. Effective against gram-negative and gram positive bacteria. Can be corrosive to medical devices. Used on non-critical surfaces. Can be used for medical equipment that contacts intact skin. Non-toxic. |
|
What kind of water should quats be mixed with? |
Distilled water |
|
What is the typical solution concentration for quats? Time required for disinfection? |
0.05 to 0.2% 10 minutes |
|
Are quats bacteriostatic or bactericidal? |
Bactericidal |
|
Bleach is what type of disinfectant? |
Halogen |
|
Iodine is what kind of disinfectant? |
Halogen |
|
Halogens: |
Not normally a high-level disinfectant.
Should not be used to disinfect medical devices that will be used in patients.
Do not leave toxic residues.
Removes dried or fixed organisms and biofilms.
Are not affected by hard water.
Chlorine and iodine. Are environmental disinfectants or skin antiseptics. |
|
Phenolics are effective against: |
Vegetative bacteria Fungi Some mycobacteria |
|
Phenolics are not effective against: |
Bacterial spores Some viruses |
|
Phenolics: |
An environmental disinfectant. Can kill TB mycobacteria Used in critical or high bioburden areas. Bacteriostatic. Not easily rinsed off. Not recommended for food prep, nurseries, porous materials. Should not be used for surgical instruments. Can irritate and depigment skin. |
|
Alcohols: |
Not effective against spores and some hydrophilic viruses. Skin antiseptic. Kills mycobacteria, fungi, bacteria. Is flammable. Can damage latex rubber and plastic. Is a solvent. Impractical for large surfaces due to rapid evaporation. |
|
Are alcohols bactericidal or bacteriostatic? |
Bactericidal |
|
How long should alcohol remain on surfaces without evaporation to be effective? |
5 to 10 minutes |
|
What is the most effective concentration of alcohol for disinfecting? |
70% |
|
Accelerated hydrogen peroxide: |
Not irritating to skin eyes or respiratory system. General environmental cleaner-disinfectant Consistently remains wet for required period of time for effectiveness. |
|
UV-C light: |
Destroys cell DNA and prevents reproduction. Effective against C. difficile, VRE, MRSA. Can be used for air and environmental surfaces. |
|
Glutaraldehydes are: |
High level disinfectants for use on medical instrumentation. |
|
Glutaraldehydes are used in manual or automated processes? |
Both |
|
Are Glutaraldehydes used to disinfect non-critical semi critical or critical items? |
Semi critical |
|
The soaking time necessary for high-level disinfection with glutaraldehydes is: At what temperatures? |
5 to 90 minutes 68° F to 95° F |
|
In 2% solutions glutaraldehydes are effective against what microorganisms? |
Mycobacteria, vegetative bacteria, viruses |
|
Items being disinfected manually with Ortho-phthalaldehydes should have an exposure time of how long? At what temperature? |
12 minutes 68° F |
|
Items being disinfected with ortho-phthalaldehydes in an AER should be exposed for how long? At what temperature? |
5 minutes 77° F |
|
Items disinfected with ortho-phthalaldehydes should be rinsed how many times? |
3 separate times |
|
7 functions of surgical instruments: |
Cut/incise Retract Grasp/hold/occlude Dilate/probe Cannulate/drain Aspirate/inject/infuse Suture/ligate |
|
5 categories of surgical instruments: |
Handheld Microsurgical Powered Endoscopic Minimally invasive |
|
What kind of water is usually recommended for preparing instrument lubricant? |
Critical water |
|
Are laparoscopic instruments insulated or non-insulated? |
Both |
|
Inspection steps for laparoscopic instruments: |
Make sure handle and jaws are working. Make sure jaw rotates. Make sure slide lock graspers are working. Check for debris in hinges of tips. Make sure instruments with trumpet valves have been properly reassembled. |
|
What are the types of sterilization for wrapped items? |
Steam under pressure. Ethylene oxide gas. Low temperature gas plasma. Low temperature hydrogen peroxide. Dry heat. Hydrogen peroxide - ozone. |
|
What are the types of sterilization for unwrapped items? |
Steam sterilization. Liquid chemical sterilization. |
|
Where are sterilizers usually located in the SPD? |
Prep and packaging area |
|
1-log reduction means: |
90% of microorganisms have been killed |
|
Steam sterilization kills microorganisms how? |
By denaturing the protein. |
|
What is the most commonly used form of sterilization? |
Steam sterilization. |
|
How often must a Bowie Dick test be performed for sterilizers? |
Daily |
|
What is the required psi for steam sterilizers? |
60 to 80 psi |
|
What are the three perimeters for steam sterilization cycles? |
Saturated steam under pressure. Time Temperature |
|
What is the spore most resistant to steam sterilization? |
Geobacillus stearothermophilus |
|
Electrosurgery is also used in these surgeries: |
Urology Colonoscopy |
|
What are the three types of endoscopes? |
Rigid Flexible Semi-rigid |
|
Endoscopes should be labeled with what information? |
Manufacturer Service Size Visual field |
|
Virtually all problems with rigid endoscopes are caused by what? |
Mishandling or improper reprocessing |
|
Can rigid endoscopes be steam sterilized? |
Yes but some older ones require low temperature sterilization. |
|
Other names for clamps: |
Hemostats Forceps |