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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sampled population
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the population from which a sample is taken
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frame
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a listing of the elements that the sample will be selected from
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parameter
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a numerical characteristic of a population, such as a population mean (mew), a population standard deviation (lowercase sigma), etc.
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simple random sample
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(finite population) a sample selected such that each possible sample size n has the same probability of being selected
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sampling without replacement
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once an element has been included in the sample, it is removed from the population an cannot be selected a second time
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sampling with replacement
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once an element has been included in the sample, it is returned to the population. previously selected element can be selected again
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sample statistic
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a sample characteristic, such as a sample mean (xbar)
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point estimator
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the sample statistic such as Xbar, stdev, or Pbar, that provides the point estimate of a population parameter
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target population
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the population for which statistical inferences such as point estimates are made. important to correspond as closely as possible to the sampled population
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sampling distribution
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a probability distribution consisting of all possible values of sample statistic
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unbiased
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a property of a point estimator that is present when the expected value point estimator is equal to the population parameter it estimates
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finite population correction factor
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the term used whenever a finite population is being sampled. ignore factor when n/N less than or equal to .05
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standard error
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the standard deviation of a point estimator
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central limit theorem
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a theorem that enables one to use the normal probability distribution to approximate the sampling distribution of xbar whenever the sample size is large
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stratified random sampling
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a probability sampling method in which the population is first divided into strata and a simple random sample is then taken from each stratum
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cluster sampling
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probability sampling method in which a population is first divided into clusters and a simple random sample of the clusters is taken
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systematic sampling
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sampling method in which we randomly select one of the first k elements and then select every kth element therafter
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convenience sampling
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nonprobability method of sampling whereby elements are selected for the sample on the basis of convenience
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judgement sampling
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a nonprobability method of sampling whereby elements are selected for the sample based on the judgement of the person doing the study
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interval estimate
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an estimate of a population parameter that provides an interval believed to contain the value of the parmeter. point estimate +/- margin of error
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margin of error
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the +/- value added to and subtracted from a point estimate in order to develop an interval estimate of a population parameter
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std dev known
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the case when historical data or other information provides a good value for the population standard deviation prior to taking a sample.
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confidence level
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the confidence associated with an interval estimate. percent of intervals formed using the procedure.
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confidence coefficient
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the confidence level expressed as a decimal value.
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confidence interval
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another name for an interval estimate
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std dev unknown
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the more common case when no good basis exists for estimating the population standard deviation prior to taking the sample
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t distribution
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a family of probability distributions that can be used to develop an interval estimate of a population mean whenever the std dev is unknown and is estimated by s
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degrees of freedom
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a parameter of the t distribution. equal to n-1 where n is the sample size
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