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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Language develops as an interaction between what two things?
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A child's cognitive structures and the environment
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Certain syllables that give more emphasis are called _____?
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Rhythm
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This person believed emphasis should be on children solving problems on their own. Who is it?
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Piaget
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The length of the syllables is called the _____?
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Duration
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The ability to understand someone else's mind in terms of mental states is called _____?
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Theory of Mind
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Chomsky was a firm believer in the _____ theory
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Innateness
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This person believed language developed as a result of the social interaction between the environment and the child. He was focused on pragmatic interaction. Who was it?
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Bates
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Adding details to a child's output is called what?
Ex: Child: He's walking Mom: He's walking because the bus broke |
Expansion
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The child's surroundings which provide information that supports the child's language growth is an example of the _____ theory.
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Environmental theory
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What is emergentism?
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Combination of environmental (nurture) and innateness (nature).
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Information associated with receptive & expressive language is which of Bate's contexts?
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Linguistic
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Who are the three environmental theorists?
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Vygotsky, Piaget, Bates
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Skills developed before a child is verbal, is what influences language development. What is this called?
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Continuity
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Environmental (nurture) is when _____?
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Environment helps learning
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Repeating a child's output & correcting the errors is called _____?
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Recast
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Gestures and facial expressions are part of which of Bate's contexts?
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Non-linguistic
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This person believed the environment provided children with information that supports language development. He was very environmentally focused. Who was it?
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Vygotsky
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Adding to one's own schema is called _____?
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Assimilation
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The vehicle for sound interaction is _____, according to Bates.
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Communication
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_____ is the distance between what a child can do independently and what a child can do with support from an adult.
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ZPD
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What are the 3 theories of language acquisition?
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Environmental (Nurture)
Innateness (Nature) Emergentism |
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Bates had 5 contexts, what were they?
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Cognitive
Social Physical Linguistic Non-linguistic |
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Innateness (Nature) is where _____?
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You need little support from the environment. You need exposure
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The ability to adapt to the environment, generalize experiences, think about objects & events, learn language, and store information for later retrieval are all parts of _____?
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Cognition- its the mental ability to do all of these things
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_____ is a sentence starter
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Cloze procedure
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_____ is providing examples
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Models
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Knowledge of a physical setting, having a communication partner, maintaining eye contact and turn taking are all parts of which two of Bates' contexts?
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Cognitive and Social
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Psychological constructs which represent verbal and nonverbal events are are called _____?
Ex: Knows dog, but calls a cow a dog because they look alike. |
Schema
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What are 2 types of adaptation?
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Assimilation and Accomodation
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Perceptual properties of people, places, and things are part of which of Bates' contexts?
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Physical
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Who believed in the pragmatic theory?
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Bates
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The ability to store information while working on another problem is called _____?
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Working memory. Also called short term memory
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Supports for learning language are called _____?
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Scaffolds
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A child's actual development at the current time is called _____?
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Retrospective mental development
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The goal of assimilation & accommodation is ____
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Equilibrium
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Just know: Vygotsky
-Said adults help children "bridge the distance" -Tasks that demand reflection and problem solving lead to progress -Social interaction is the primary factor in language development -Language begins with communication between children and individuals in their environment -Verbal language is built on communication |
Just know
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Attention, working memory, and equilibrium are all terms to who's theory?
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Piaget
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What is prospective mental development?
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ZPD- what they can do with support
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Piaget believed in what?
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Cognitive development
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Know:
Because they are actively involved, children grow as a result of problem solving |
Know
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Summary of Chapter 2:
-Theories of language development explain how children acquire knowledge. These help us determine typical and atypical development -Both innate and environmental factors play a role in language development. (nature vs nurture) -It is important for children to understand another person's meanings & feelings. -Theory of mind is the ability to understand another person's mind. -Theory of mind is essential to understand the motivations of others. |
Know
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Know:
-The Theory of Mind is knowing someone's desires, beliefs, and knowledge. -Theory of mind is predicting how someone will act, or why they act a certain way. -You can describe their actions in psychological terms by using mental state verbs like think, know, &believe |
Know
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Know: Innateness theory: Strategies for language development
-Encourage over learning through repetition. -Always consider children's level of comprehension -Introduce key words associated with topics being discussed -Associate new words with concrete experiences to deepen comprehension |
Know
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Know: Innateness theory: strategies for language development
-Focus on children's ability to focus on and comprehend oral language -Focus on the processing of language- making meaning -Highlight important information |
Know
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Know: Innateness theory: strategies for language development
-Children require abundant language input in order to form hypothesis or ideas about the structure of language -Teachers & parents should use a variety of sentence types Ex: past tense/future tense plural/ singular |
Know
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The environment theories: strategies for language development
-Scaffolding is the best form of guidance to preserve a child's self confidence. -Modeling and imitating are appropriate scaffolds for beginners |
Know
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Know: The environmental theories: strategies for language development
-Once a child masters a skill or language ability, have the child teach another child -Use play, narratives & encourage a variety of ways of talking to promote language |
Know
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Know: Chomsky: Language acquisition device
-The LAD allowed children to form hypothesis regarding language structures - The LAD allowed children to analyze sentences they heard and use the analysis to produce grammatical sentences |
Know
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Know: Chomsky: The Language acquisition device (LAD)
-An inborn mechanism which allows children to process & produce language -Chomsky proposed this LAD contained universal information regarding language structures Ex: S->NP+VP |
Know
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Know:
-Emergentism suggests the mind functions in a similar manner to neural networks in the brain -Language develops through associations among nodes -A node represents input. Each node has a link to output -Strategies connected to environmental & nativist theory are also appropriate |
Know
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Know:
-Children need frequent experiences & a variety of opportunities to stimulate language development -More occurrence of spoken language= greater node strength -Topics of interest for the children will be most effective. |
Know
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Know:
-The importance of the environment is that it provides children with a variety of events and experiences that challenge their problem solving skills along with providing labels or names for these events and experiences |
Know
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Know: The ability to read nonverbal acts coupled with interpreting verbal information builds comprehension
-A child associates language & events- connecting these two helps a child understand relationships & how language works in a context -Watching the speakers eyes helps a child focus -The speakers eyes provide nonverbal social information -Infants are sensitive to the prosidy (music) of language |
Know
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_____+_____+_____ = Language development
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Innate learning skills, Social pragmatics, and attention to environment
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_____, _____, and _____ are all important factors for emergentism
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Rhythm, stress, and intonation patterns
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Environmental experiences include interactions with _____, _____, and _____.
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Individuals, objects, and events
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This theory is the connection between language development & the environment or context. What theory is it?
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Pragmatic Theory
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Changing one's schema is called ______?
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Accommodation
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Pitch changes in the speakers voice is called _____?
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Intonation
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The focus on essential factors is called _____?
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Attention
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