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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Source-Filter Theory
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changing the vocal tracts impacts glottal sounds waves which in turn creates different sounds
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respiratory
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is the power source: subglottal pressure which caused VF to vibrate
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laryngeal
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is the sound source: vibrations
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articulatory
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sound filter
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harmonics
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soundwaves that are complex periodic: whole number multiples of the fundamental frequency
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fundamental frequency
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F0 the lowest frequency harmonic
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formants
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sound waves impacted by vocal tract articulators, and air flow
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F1
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volume and constriction of the pharyngeal cavity
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F1 when pharyngeal cavity increases
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then the harmoics decrease
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F2
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length of oral cavity can be varied by the tongue placement
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F2 as the oral cavity increases
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there is a amplication of the harmonics decreases
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F3
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effected by lip constriction because of the pressure that is built up during articulatory closure
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vowels and tongue placement (F1): the higher the tongue position
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the lower the F1 frequency:
inverse relationship |
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(F2) vowels:
The higher the tongue placement |
the higher the F2 frequency
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stop gap
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area where no sound appears on the spectrogram due to the pressure building up (in a stop)
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release burst
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aperiodic sound following a stop gap (in a stop)
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liquid on spectrogram
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characteristic of the F3 being lowered which brings it closer to F2
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VOT
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voice onset time: the time after the burst and the start of the VF vibration of the vowel (in a stop)
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fricatives on spectrogram
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wide band of energy/ white noise/ low intensity
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nasals on spectrogram
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antiformants- acoustic energy has been damped; weak intensity formant
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glides on a spectrogram
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semivowel, extremely short in duration; lower frequency for all the formants
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coarticulation
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acoustical characteristics are changed as segments come together and influence each other
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categorical perception
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easier to differentiate between two sound categories rather than two allophones
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suprasegmentals
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intonation, stress, and duration
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cognates
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voicing difference between a set of sounds
ie: /f/ /v/, /s/ /z/, /p/ /b/, /t/ /d/ |