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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
norms
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rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behavior
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folkways
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norms that lack moral significance
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mores
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norms that have moral dimensions and that should be followed by members of a society
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taboo
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rule of behavior, the violation of which calls for a strong punishment
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law
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a norm that is formally defined and enforced by officials
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sanctions
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rewards and punishments used to encourage people to follow norms
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values
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broad ideas about what is good or desirable shared by people in a society
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norms are based on...
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...based on values
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beleifs
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ideas about the nature of reality
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social categories
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groups of people who share a social characteristic such as age, gender, or religion
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subculture
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group that is part of the dominant culture but differs from it in some important respects
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counterculture
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a subculture deliberately and conciously opposed to certain central beleifs or attitudes of the dominant culture
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ethnocentrism
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judging others in terms of one's own cultural standards
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cultural universals
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general culture traits that exist in all cultures but not always carried out the same way
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cultural particulars
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the ways in which a culture expresses universal traits
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socialization
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a cultural process of learning to participate in a group; enables people to fit into all kinds of social groups
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Harry Harlow
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studied the negative affects of isolation on Rhesus monkeys, and then in turn applied the observations to human infants
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self concept
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an image of yourself as having an identity seperate from other people
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looking glass self
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image of yourself based on what you believe others think of you
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significant other
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people whose reactions are most imp[ortant to your self concept
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generalized other
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integrated conception of the norms, values, and beleifs of one's community or society
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role taking
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assuming the viewpoint of another person and using it to shape self concept
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Mead's 3 stages of role taking
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1. imitation stage--children imitate without understanding why
2. play stage--act in ways they imagine other people would 3. game stage-- anticipate actions of others based on social rules |
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"me"
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the part of the self formed through socialization
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"I"
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part of self that accounts for the unlearned, spontaneous acts
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hidden cirriculum
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informal and unofficial aspects of culture that children are taught in school, such as: discipline, order, cooperation, adn conformity
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reference group
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group whose norms and values are used to guide behavior; group with whom you identify
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