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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The totality of our shared language, knowledge, material objects, and behavior.
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culture
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The structure of relationships within which culture is created and shared through regularized patterns of social interaction.
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society
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A common practice or belief shared by all societies.
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cultural universal
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The systematic study of how biology affects human social behavior.
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sociobiology
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The process of introducing a new idea or object to a culture through discovery or invention.
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innovation
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The process of making known or sharing the existence of an aspect of reality.
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discovery
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The combination of existing cultural items into a form that did not exist before.
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invention
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The process by which a cultural item spreads from group to group or society to society.
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diffusion
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The physical or technological aspects of our daily lives.
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material culture
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Ways of using material objects, as well as customs, ideas, expressions, beliefs, knowledge, philosophies, governments, and patterns of communication.
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nonmaterial culture
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"Cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires."
Who said this? |
technology;
Gerhard Lenski |
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A period of adjustment when the nonmaterial culture is still struggling to adapt to new material conditions.
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culture lag
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A system of shared symbols; it includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols, and nonverbal gestures and expressions.
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language
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The idea that the language a person uses shapes his or her perception of reality and therefore his or her thoughts and actions.
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
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The use of gestures, facial expressions, and other visual images to communicate.
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nonverbal communication
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A collective conception of what is considered good, desirable, and proper - or bad, undesirable, and improper - in a culture.
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value
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An established standard of behavior maintained by a society.
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norm
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Norms governing everyday behavior, whose violation raise comparatively little concern.
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folkways
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Norms deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society.
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mores
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A norm that generally has been written down and that specifies strict punishments for violators.
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formal norm
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Formal norms enforced by the state.
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laws
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A norm that is generally understood buy not precisely recorded.
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informal norm
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A penalty or reward for conduct concerning a social norm.
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sanction
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A set of cultural beliefs and practices that legitimates existing powerful social, economic, and political interests.
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dominant ideology
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A segment of society that shares a distinctive pattern of mores, folkways, and values that differs from the pattern of the larger society.
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subculture
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Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture.
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argot
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A subculture that deliberately opposes certain aspects of the larger culture.
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counterculture
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The feelings of disorientation, uncertainty, and even fear that people experience when they encounter unfamiliar cultural practices.
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culture shock
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The tendency to assume that one's own culture and way of life represent what's normal or are superior to all others.
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ethnocentrism
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The viewing of people's behavior from the perspective of their own culture.
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cultural relativism
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Name the anthropologist that listed cultural universals?
What are they? |
George Murdock
-Sports -Cooking -Funeral Ceremonies -Medicine -Marriage -Sexual Restrictions |
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What are the two main forms of innovation?
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Discovery
& Invention |
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William Ogburn came up with the terms:
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Material Culture
Nonmaterial culture Culture lag |
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Created the language "Laadan" to test the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis in order to adequately express the women's perception.
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Linguist Suzette Haden
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Formal norms
& Informal norms are also called: |
Explicit norms
& Implicit norms |