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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Tinbergen's Levels of Analysis
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1. Mechanistic: reasons for why things happen based on emotions and mechanisms provoked
2. Ontogenetic: based on development 3. Adaptive: mechanisms in the social world over time that become norms (environmental factors that shape behavior) 4. Phylogenetic: We are all humans from the same biological track |
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Major Histocompatability Complex
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MHC is a group of proteins responsible for detecting disease; it is good to have a wide range of MHC, so when attracting a male girls look for opposite MHC profiles.This can be reversed during pregnancy or when a girl goes on birth control
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Culture of Honor using Levels of Analysis
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Ontogenetic causes for COH:
-Fathers in the south were more likely to tell their boy to beat up a bully Reasons for COH: -Once insults are invoked, SOutherners will hold on to these sentiments for a longer amount of time |
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Cortisol
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Cortisol levels indicate the amount of stress in an individual. In the Culture of Honor experiment, cortisol levels increased when Southerners were insulted
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Naturalistic Fallacy
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Just because things exist, does not mean it's the way things should be
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Casual inference
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A-->B
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Correlational research
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When the subjects in the study manipulate what happens (they set the conditions). This would be a longitudinal study, because it is conducted over a long period of time
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Statistical significance (descriptive vs inferential)
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Descriptive: You explain the findings
Inferential: Why did these findings result? |
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Factors that influence statistically significant results
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Magnitude=the difference between the two sample groups (bigger magnitude=better)
Variability=the varying results within one group that could change the statistics if there is one outlier or extreme Sample size=need to have enough people in your group for the study to prove a causal relationship |
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Magnitude vs significance
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Magnitude refers to the difference between the two subject groups and the significance refers to the difference between the two error bars
-In a good study, there will be a large magnitude and a large significance |
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How experiments go wrong
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1. File Drawer effect-->people only publish the correct study making everything else false
2. Fraud 3. Experimental design flaw 4. Bias within either participants or experimenter |
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Construals
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How individuals perceive and comprehend social behavior or action of others towards themselves
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Emotions
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Brief motivational systems that lead to actions
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Emotional Process
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Primary appraisal stage: quick automatic judgements based on previous goals
Secondary appraisal stage: More fully evaluate the event, leading to more intense emotions |
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Darwin's principle of serviceable habits
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Emotions are remnants of behaviors that helped our predecessors meet important goals. Therefore, they should be the same across cultures, which is TRUE!
Examples: 1. People can point to the same facial expression across cultures when primed with a social situation 2. Duchenne smile occurs in blind runners suggesting that there is such thing as an innate emotion (because they could not have learned this from social background) |
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Emotion accents
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Some emotions are displayed differently across cultures
ie: indians bite their lip when they are embarrassed |
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Focal emotions
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Some cultures emphasize emotions and therefore have many ways to say it
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Affect valuation theory
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Emotions that promote certain cultural values are more prominent. Display rules indicate how and when to use emotion (ie in poker you are supposed to deemphasize excitement)
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Functional properties of emotion
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withdraw-->approach, allowing us to place emotion on a wider spectrum
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Parasympathetic vs sympathetic
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sympathetic: fight or flight
-the amygdala is the key component of fight/flight response parasympathetic: rest and digest |
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The way emotions affect our reasoning
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Feelings-as-information perspective
-This has an effect on moral judgement and can lead to emotion misattribution Processing style: -positive emotions-->creativity and inclusion |
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Emoticons
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The way people express behavior has to do with the emotion (ie surprised reaction=open mouth to increase oxygen intake for whatever is coming next)
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Why we communicate
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Behavior modification
-babies cry so that mom will feed it -rhesus monkeys can recognize a harmful spider based on watching others' emotions towards said object (they cannot do this with a flower!) Deception: false communication for selfish gain Formation and maintenance of relationships -Touching-->rewards, soothes pain -mimicry-->increases likeness |
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Exaptation
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Overtime things that developed for one reason are now used for another reason
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Oxytocin
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Love, trust
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