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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the components of the cardiovascular system?
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Heart
Arteries Veins Capillaries |
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What forms the tunica intima in the cardiovascular system?
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Endothelium
Subendothelium Internal elastic lamina |
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What forms the tunica media in the cardiovascular system?
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Muscle
CT Elastic fibers External elastic lamina |
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What forms the tunica adventitia in the cardiovascular system?
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CT
Muscle |
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What are capillaries?
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The are endothelial tubes that make up the "business end" of the cardiovascular system
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What are the three major types of capillaries?
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Continuous
Fenestrated Sinusoidal |
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Endothelium with Weibel-Palade bodies, basal lamina, subendothelial layer, incomplete internal elastic lamina/ |
Tunica intima of an elastic artery
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
40-70 fenestrated elastic membranes; smooth muscle cells interspersed between elastic membranes; thin external elastic lamina; vasa vasorum in outer half |
Tunica media of an elastic artery
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue, vasa vasorum, lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers |
Tunic adventitia of an elastic artery
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What is the main function of an elastic artery and what is an example of one?
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Conducting
Aorta |
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Endothelium with Weibel-Palade bodeis, basal lamina, subendothelial layer, thick internal elastic lamina |
Tunica Intima of a muscular artery
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Up to 40 layers of smooth muscle cells; thick external elastic lamina |
Tunica media of a muscular artery
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Thin layer of fibroelastic connective tissue; vasa vasorum not very prominent; lymphatic vessels, nerve fibers |
Tunica adventitia of a muscular artery
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What is the main function of a muscular artery and what is an example of one?
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Distributing
Femoral artery |
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Endothelium with Weibel-Palade bodies; basal lamina, subendothelial layer not very prominent; some elastic fibers instead of a defined internal elastic lamina |
Tunica intima of an arteriole
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
One or two layers of smooth muscle cells |
Tunica media of an arteriole
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Which tunica is this and what kind of artery does it belong to:
Loose connective tissue, nerve fibers |
Tunica adventitia of an arteriole
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What are the three things that are required for transport across vascular endothelium?
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1. Pinocytotic vesicles
2. Trans-Golgi network of vesicles 3. Transient fenestrations |
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Endothelium; basal lamina, valves in some; subendothelial connective tissue |
Tunica intima of large veins
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Connective tissue; smooth muscle cells |
Tunica media of large veins
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Smooth muscle cells oriented in longitudinal bundles; cardiac muscle cells near their entry into the heart; collagen layers with fibroblasts |
Tunica adventitia of large veins
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Endothelium, basal lavmina; valves in some, subendothelial connective tissue |
Tunica intima of medium and small veins
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Reticular and elastic fibers, some smooth muscle cells |
Tunica media of medium and small veins
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Collagen layers with fibroblasts |
Tunica adventitia of medium and small veins
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Endothelium, basal lamina (pericytes, postcapillary venules) |
Tunica intima of venules
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Sparse connective tissue and a few smooth muscle cells |
Tunica media of venules
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Which tunica is this and what kind of vein does it belong to:
Some collagen and a few fibroblasts |
Tunica adventitia of venules
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What are lymphatic capillaries composed of?
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A single layer of attenuated endothelial cells with an incomplete basal lamina
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Do the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries overlap each other?
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Yes
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Through what structures do the endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries permit easy access to the lumen of the vessel?
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Intercellular clefts
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T/F Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries have fenestrae and make tight junctions with each other.
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False
Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries do not have fenestrae and do not make tight junctions with each other. |
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How wide are the bundles of lymphatic anchoring filaments and what do they do?
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5-10 nm in diameter
It is thought that thee filaments may play a role in maintaining the luminal patency of these flimsy vessels. |
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Where do the bundles of lymphatic anchoring filaments terminate?
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On the abluminal plasma membrane
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What is the sinoatrial (SA) node?
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Pacemaker of the heart
70 beats/min |
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Where is the atrioventricular node located?
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In the septal wall just above the tricuspid valve
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What is the pathway of the cardiac conduction system?
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SA Node --> Internodal pathways --> AV Node --> Myocardium of the atria via AV bundle (bundle of His) --> Interventricular septum --> cardiac muscle --> rhythmic contraction
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What does the atrioventricular bundle travel in?
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Subendocardium (Purkinje cells)
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What modulates the heart rate and stroke volume of the heartbeat?
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Autonomic Nervous System
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What does stimulation of the sympathetic nerves result in?
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Acceleration of the heart rate
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What does stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves result in?
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Slowing of the heart rate
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What is the conduction velocity of the impulse from the SA node through the right atrium along ordinary atrial myocardial fibers?
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1m/sec
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What pathway conducts the impulse from the SA node directly to the left atrium?
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Anterior interatrial myocardial band or
Bachmann's bundle |
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Why is the action potential duration in atrial myocytes shorter than that in ventricular myocytes?
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The efflux of K+ is greater during the plateau in atrial myocytes than in ventricular myocytes
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What are the dimensions of the AV node, where is it located and what cells can be found there?
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Dimensions: 22 mm long, 10 mm wide, and 3 mm thick
Location: Situated posteirorly on the right side of the interatrial septum near the ostium of the coronary sinus Cells found: Same two cell types as in the SA node but the round cells in the AV node are less abundant and the elongated cells predominate |
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What are the three functional regions of the AV node?
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1. The AN region
2. The N region 3. The NH region |
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What is the AN region of the AV node?
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The transitional zone between the atrium and the remainder of the node
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What is the N region of the AV node?
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The midportion of the AV node
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What is the NH region of the AV node?
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The zone in which nodal fibers gradually merge with the bundle of His, which is the upper portion of the specialized conducting system for the ventricles.
Normally, the AV node and bundle of His are the only pathways along which the cardiac impulse travels from the atria to ventricles. |