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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skeleton |
Derived from the greek word meaning driedjoint |
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Joint or articulation |
Where two or more bones come together |
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1.support 2.protection 3. Movement 4. Storage 5. Blood cell production |
Major function of Skeletal System |
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206 bones |
Skeleton is made up of how many bones? |
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1.skull 2.clavicle 3.sternum 4. Ribs 5.vertebral column 6.humerus 7. Radius 8.ulna 9. Pelvis 10. Femur 11. Tibia 12. Fibula |
12 Major bones of the skeletal system |
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Collagen(koila=glue+-gen=producing) |
Is a tough, rope-like protein |
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Proteoglycans |
Are large molecules consisting of many polysaccharides attaching to and encircling core proteins. |
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Tendons and ligaments |
The extracellular matrix of ... contain large amount of collagen fibers. |
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Cartilage |
Extracellular matrix of ____contains collagen and proteoglycans |
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Hydroxyapatite |
Mineral in bone is in form of calcium phosphate crystals called____ |
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osteogenesis imperfecta or Brittle bone disease |
Disorder caused by any one of a number of faulty genes that results in either too little collagen formation or poor quality collagen |
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•Long bone •short bone •flat bone •irregular bone |
4 classification of bone |
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Long bones |
Enhance movement of appendages and Are longer than they are wide |
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Long bones |
Bone of the upper and lower limb |
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Short bone |
Help transfer force between long bones. Approximately wide as the are long. |
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Short bone |
Bones of wrist and ankle |
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Flat bones |
Well suited to providing a strong barrier around soft organs. Relatively thin flattened shape |
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Flat bone |
Found in certain skull bones, the ribs, the scapula and the sternum |
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Irregular bones |
These bones have specialized functions, such as providing protection while allowing bending and flexing of certain body regions. |
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Irregular bones |
Bones of the vertebrae and facial bones. And spine |
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Diaphysis |
Central shaft of the long bone |
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Epiphysis |
Two ends of the long bone. |
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Articular cartilage |
Covers the end of epiphyses where the bone articulates (joins) with other bones |
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Epiphyseal plate or growing plate |
Bone that is still growing. |
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Epiphyseal line |
When growth bones(epiphyseal plates) stops growing it is replaced by bones and becomes an ___\ |
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Large medullary cavity |
cavity in the diaphysis, as well as the smaller cavities in the epiphyses of long bone and interior of bones. |
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Marrow |
These Spaces are filled with soft tissue called___ |
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Yellow marrow |
Consist mostly of adipose tissue |
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Red marrow |
Consist of blood-forming cells and is the only site for blood formation in adult tissue |
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Red marrow & yellow marrow |
As a person ages the ____ marrow is replaced with ___marrow |
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Periosteum |
Outer surface of the bone is covered by dense connective tissue called___ |
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Periosteum (peri=around + osteon=bone) |
Consists of two layers and contains blood vessels and nerves |
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Endosteum (endo=inside) |
The surface of the medullary cavity in lined with a thinner connective tissue membrane |
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Osteoblasts |
Function in formation of bone. |
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Osteocytes |
When osteoblasts becomes surrounded by the matrix |
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Osteoclasts |
Contribute to bone repair and remodeling by removing of existing bones, called bone reabsorption |
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Lamellae |
It is where bones are formed in thin sheets of extracellular matrix called___ |
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Lacunae |
Osteocytes between lamellae within spaces called____ |
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Canaliculi (sing. Canaliculus) |
Extracellular matrix of the lamellae within tiny canals called___ |
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Compact bone |
Is mostly solid matrix and cells |
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Spongy bone |
Consist of a lacy network of bone with many small, marrow-filled spaces. |
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cortical bones or compact bones |
Forms the perimeters of the diaphysis of a long bone and thinner surface of all other bones. |
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Osteons |
Predictable pattern of repeating units of the compact bone |
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Haversian canal or central canal |
Osteon consist of concentric rings of lamellae surrounding a ____ |
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Canaliculi |
Cell process which connects osteocytes to one another |
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Central |
Blood vessel in ____ canal, in turn, are connected to blood vessels in the periosteum and endosteum. |
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Spongy bone |
Very porous and is located in the epiphyses of long bone , less bone matrix and more open space then compact bone |
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Trabeculae |
Spongy bones consist of delicate interconnecting rods or plates of bone |
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Marrow |
Spaces of trabecular is filled with ___ |
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Ossification (os=bone +facio =to make) |
Formation of bone by osteoblast |
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Intramembranous ossification |
Bone formation that occurs within connective tissue membrane is called ___ |
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Endochondral ossification |
Bone formation that occurs inside hyaline cartilage |
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Intramembranous ossification |
Occurs within a 12-week-old fetus at ossification centers in the flat bone of the skull. |
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Chondrocytes |
During endochondral ossification, cartilage dells called __ in crease in number, causing the cartilage model to increase in size. |
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1. A cartilage model with the general shape of the mature bone, is produced by chondrocytes. A perichondrium surrounds most of the cartilage model. 2. The chondrocytes enlarge and cartilage is calcified. A bone collar is produced and the perichondrium of the diaphysis become the periosteum. 3. The primary ossification forms as blood vessels and osteoblasts invade the calcified cartilage. The osteoblast lay down bone matrix, forming trabecular. 4. Secondary ossification centers form in the epiphyses of long bone |
Endochondral ossification of long bone. |
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Open fracture/ compound fracture |
Occurs when an open wound extends to the site of the fracture. |
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Transverse fraction |
Are at the right angles to the length of the bone |
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Spiral fracture |
Take a helical course around the length of the bone |
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Dentate fracture |
Have rough toothed broken end |
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Stellate fracture |
Breakage lines radiating from a central point |
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Bone |
Major storage site for calcium in the body |
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•Parathyroid hormone •vitamin D •calcitonin |
Calcium homeostasis is maintained by three hormones |
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Foramen |
Hole in a bone |
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Canal or meatus |
If the hole is elongated into a tunnel-like passage through the bone |
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Fossa |
Depression in a bone |
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Tubercle or tuberosity |
Rounded projection on a bone |
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Closed fracture |
Skin is not perforated |
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Process |
A sharp projection from a bone |
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Condyle |
Rounded end of a bone where it forms a joint with another bone |
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Front (Term) |
Axial skeleton and their numbers |
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Front (Term) |
Vertebral column and number of bones |
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Front (Term) |
Number of bones |
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Front (Term) |
Anatomical terms for features of bones |
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Complicated fracture |
If the soft tissues around a closed fracture are damaged |
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Incomplete fracture |
Fracture Does not extend completely across the bone |
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Complete fracture |
Where bone is completely broken into atleast two fragements |
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Greenstick fracture |
Incomplete fracture on the convex side of the curve of the bone |
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Front (Term) |
Axial skeleton and their numbers |
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Comminuted fracture |
Complete fracture in which the bones break into two or more than two pieces |
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Front (Term) |
Number of bones |
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Front (Term) |
Anatomical terms for features of bones |