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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Echolalia
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Disorganized thinking
Repetition of another's words that is parrot-like and inappropriate |
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Circumstantiality
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Disorganized thinking
Extremely detailed and lengthy discourse about a topic |
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Loose associations
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Disorganized thinking
Absence of the normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas, and topics; Sudden shifts withough apparent relationship to preceding topic |
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Tangentiality
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Disorganized thinking
The topic of conversation is changed to an entirely different topic that is a logical progression but causes a permanent detour from the original focus |
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Flight of ideas
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Disorganized thinking
The topic of conversation changes repeatedly and rapidly, generally after just one sentence or phrase |
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Word salad
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Disorganized thinking
String of words that are not connected in any way |
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Neologisms
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Disorganized thinking
Words that are made up that have no common meaning and are not recognized |
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Paranoia
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Disorganized thinking
Suspiciousness and guardedness that are unrealistic and ofter accompanied by grandiosity |
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Referential thinking
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Disorganized thinking
Belief that neutral stimuli have special meaning to the individual e.g.: The belief that the tv commentator is talking directly to the individual |
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Autistic thinking
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Disorganized thinking
Restricts thinking to the literal and immediate so that the individual have private rules of logic and reasoning that make no sense to anyone else |
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Concrete thinking
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Disorganized thinking
Lack of abstration in thinking; Inability to understand punch lines, metaphors, and analogies |
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Verbigeration
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Disorganized thinking
Purposless repitition of words or phrases |
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Metonymic speech
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Disorganized thinking
Use of words interchangeably with similar meanings |
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Clang association
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Disorganized thinking
Repitition of words of phrases that are similar in sound but in no other way e.g.:Right, sight, light, might |
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Stilted language
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Disorganized thinking
Overly and inapprpriate artificial formal language |
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Pressured speech
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Disorganized thinking
Speaking as if the words are being forced out |
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Neurocognitive impairment
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Independent of positive and negative symptoms
Affects memory (short- and long-term), vigilance, verbal fluency, and executive functioning (volition, planning, purposive action, and self-monitoring behavior) |
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Disorganized symptoms
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Those things that make it difficult for the schizophrenic to understand and respond to the ordinary sights and sounds of daily living
These include confused speech and thinking and disorganized behaviors |
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Aggression
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Disorganized behavior
Behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage, hostility, and the potential for physical or verbal destructiveness Usually comes about if the person believes someone is going to do him or her harm |
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Agitation
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Disorganized behavior
Inability to sit still or attend to others Accompanied by heightened emotions and tension |
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Catatonic excitement
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Disorganized behavior
A hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activity and abnormal movements such as grimacing and posturing |
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Echopraxia
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Disorganized behavior
Involuntary imitation of another person's movements and gestures |
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Regressed behavior
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Disorganized behavior
Behaving in a manner of a less mature lige stage Childlike and immature |
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Stereotypy
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Disorganized behavior
Repetative, purposeless movements that are idiosyncratic to the individual and to some degree outside of the individual's control |
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Hypervigilance
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Disorganized behavior
Systained attendtion to external stimuli as if expecting something important or frightening to happen |
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Waxy flexibility
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Disorganized behavior
Posture held in odd or unusual fixed position for extended periods of time |
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Illusions
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Misperception or exaggeration of stimuli that actually exist in the external environment
e.g.: Wrinkles in the bed sheets talking to the individual |
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Hallucinations
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Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli
Can involve any of the 5 senses Auditory and visual are typical, with auditory being the most common |
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Delusions
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Erroneous fixed, false beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument
e.g.: Grandoise, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic |
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Grandiose delusions
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Belief that one has exceptional powers, wealth, skill, influence, or destiny
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Nihilistic delusions
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Belief that one is dead or a calamity is impending
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Persecutory delusions
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Belief that one is being watched, ridiculed, harmed, or plotted against
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Somatic delusions
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Beliefs about abnormalities in bodily functions or structures
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Positive symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Delusions
Hallucinations |
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Negative symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Difficult expressing emotion
Laugh, cry, and get angry less than often Flat affect Ambivalence Inability to complete simple activities of daily living (dressing, combing hair) Anhedonia Cause individuals to withdraw and suffer feelings of severe isolation |
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Extrapyramidal side effects
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Movement disorders caused by some antipsychotics
Related to the blockade of dopamine Include dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia Managed by restoring balance between acetylcholine and dopamine (use or anticholinergic drug or reducing dosage of antipsychotic) |
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Dystonia
or Dystonic reactions |
EPS
Develops rapidly and dramatically More common in yound men Characterized by tense muscles and body contortions Patients first report thick tongue, tight jaw, or stiff neck Oculogyric crisis, Torticollis, Retrocollis, Oropharyngeal-pharyngeal hypertonus |
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Oculogyric crisis
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Dystonia
Muscles that control eye movements tense and pull the eyeball so that the patient is looking toward the ceiling Eyes appear "rolled back" into the head |
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Torticollis
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Dystonia
Neck muscles tense and pull head to one side while turning chin to the opposite side |
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Retrocollis
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Dystonia
Neck muscles tense and pull head back |
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Oropharyngeal-pharyngeal hypertonus
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Dystonia
Muscles of swallowing tense making it hard to swallow |
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Akathisia
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EPS
Patients are restlessness, report feeling the need to keep moving, feel very uncomfortable |
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Pseudoparkinsonism
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EPS
Looks just like Parkisnson's disease Rigidity, akinesia (slowed movement), and tremor are the classic triad |
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Tardive dyskinesia
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A chronic EPS
Characterized by irregular, repetative involuntary movements of the mouth, face, and tongue including chewing, tongue protrusion, lip smacking, puckering of the lips, and rapid eye blinking Abnormal fnger movements may also occur Onset after no less than 6 months of treatment |
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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)
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Life-threatening medical emergency
Characterized by hyperthermia and severe muscle rigidity along with mental status changes, hyper/hypotension, tachypnea/hypoxia, diaphoresis, tremor, or incontinence |