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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Obj.
1. Name the major subdivisions of the pelvis and their boundaries. |
1. Greater (false) pelvis
inferior: pelvic brim lateral: iliac fossae & iliacus muscles anterior: lower ant. abdominal wall posterior: lumbar vertebra 2. Lesser (true) pelvis superior: pelvic inlet/brim inferior: pelvic outlet |
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Obj.
2. Define pelvic inlet and identify boundaries |
pelvic brim
-divides greater & lesser pelvis borders: anterior- pubic crest (linea terminalis) lateral- iliopectinal line posterior- sacral alae & sacral promontory |
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Obj.
2. Define pelvic outlet & identify boundaries |
diamond shaped
-pelvic cavity is space btwn inlet & outlet borders: anterior- pubic arch, pubic symphysis lateral- ischiopubic rami, ischial tuberosities, & sacrotuberous ligament posterior- coccyx |
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Obj.
3. Name the boundaries and divisions of the perineum. |
boundaries:
superior: pelvic diaphragm lateral: thighs peripheral: pelvic outlet divisions: (by imaginary line btwn ischial tuberosities) -ant. urogenital triangle -post. urogenital triangle *contains external genitalia & external GI & urogenital system openings |
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Obj.
4. Name the component parts of the bony pelvis. |
-pelvic girdle (2X (ilium, ischium, pubis, fused w/ acetabulum) articulate at pubic symphysis)
-sacrum (articulate w/ pelvic girdle at sacroiliac joint) -coccyx |
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Obj.
5. Identify the joints of the bony pelvis and briefly describe their various functions. |
-sacroiliac joints (btwn sacrum & iliac bones)
synovial plane joint -pubic symphysis (btwn pubic bones) fibrocartilage joint -lumbosacral joint (bwtn lumbar vertebrae & sacrum L5 & S1) zygapophysial joint -sacrococcygeal joint (btwn last sacral & first coccygeal vertebrae) cartilaginous joint *hold together bones of pelvis |
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Obj.
5. Identify the ligaments of the bony pelvis and briefly describe their various functions. |
-sacroiliac ligaments (btwn sacrum & ilium, anterior, posterior & interosseous)
-pubic ligaments (reinforce pubic symphysis inferiorly & superiorly) -iliolumbar ligaments (L5 TP to iliac crest) limit rotation of L5 on sacrum & prevent anterior glide -lumbosacral ligaments (L5 TP to sacrum) -sacrotuberous ligaments (sacrum to ischial tuberosity, forms lesser sciatic foramen) prevent upward tilting of inferior aspect of sacrum & the pelvis from rotating anteriorly -sacrospinous ligaments (sacrum & coccyx to ischial spine, form greater sciatic foramen) prevent upward tilting of inferior aspect of sacrum & the pelvis from rotating anteriorly |
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Obj.
6. Describe the normal anatomical positions of the bony pelvis and perineum. |
-ASIS & upper margin of pubic symphysis is same vertical plane
-coccyx & upper margin of pubic symphysis in same horiontal plane -anal triangle in coronal (vertical) plane -urogenital triangle is oriented horizontally |
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Obj.
7. Differentiate the gross features of the male and female bony pelvis. |
male-
heart-shaped thicker bones more prominent bone markings deeper pelvic cavity female- oval shaped shorter inlet shorter, wider, flatter sacrum rounder, wider pubic arch everted ischial spines |
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Obj.
8. Identify the structures forming the pelvic walls. |
anterior: pubic bones, pubic rami, & symphysis pubis
posterior: sacrum/coccyx, piriformis, & pelvic fascia lateral: hip bone, obturator membrane, obturator internus & fascia, sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligaments inferior: pelvic diaphram & (sup/inf) fascia |
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Obj.
9. Name the pelvic muscles |
piriformis
obturator internus levator ani (Ischio-)coccygeus |
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Obj.
9. Give the action and innervation of the piriformis muscle |
action- lateral rotator of hip joint, abducts thigh
innervation- nerve to piriformis (from ant rami S1 & 2) -from sacrum to greater trochanter (through greater sciatic foramen) |
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Obj.
9. Give the action and innervation of the obturator internus muscle |
action- lateral rotator of thigh
innervation- nerve to obturator internus (from ant rami L5 & S1 or 2) |
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Obj.
9. Name the pelvic diaphragm muscles & their action |
muscles- levator ani & (ischio-)coccygeus muscles
action- supports pelvic viscera *pelvic diaphram forms floor of pelvis, separates pelvic cavity from perineum |
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Obj.
9. Name the levator ani muscles, their action, and innervation. |
muscles-
iliococcygeus (tendinous arch to raphe btwn anal canal & coccyx) pubococcygeus (pubis to vagina/prostate, anorectal jxn to perineal body) puborectalis (pubis to jxn of anus & rectum, part of external anal sphincter) actions- form muscular sling that supports & immobilizes pelvic viscera resists increased intrapelvic pressure sphincter action on anorectal junction innervations- nerve to levator ani (perineal branches of S4) inferior rectal nerve coccygeal plexus |
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Obj.
9. Give the action and innervation of the (ischio-) coccygeus muscle |
action- assists levator ani muscles in supporting pelvic viscera
innervation- branches of S4 & 5 -traingular muscle arising from ischial spine, inserting into sacrum/coccyx -covered inferiorly by sacrospinous ligament |
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What 4 things makes up the linea terminalis?
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arcuate line
pecten pubis pubic crest pubic symphysis |
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What 2 things make up the iliopectineal line?
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pectin pubis (pectineal line)
arcuate line |
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What are the pelvic conjugates & why are they important?
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anatomical dimensions of the pelvic inlet
important because the infant must pass through true pelvis to be born vaginally |
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What are the 3 AP diameters (pelvic conjugates)?
Which one is the narrowest fixed distance? |
1. True conjugate
2. Obstetric conjugate 3. Diagonal conjugate -obstetric is the narrowest (btwn sacral promontory to post aspect of pubic bone, ~10 cm) |
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Which AP diameter can be easily assessed by vaginal exam?
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diagonal conj (btwn sacral promontory & in margin of pubic symphysis)
* can be used to estimate obstestric conj, by - 1.5-2 cm |
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Injury to the pelvic diaphragm can occur during a difficult childbirth, what would this lead to ?
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prolapse of internal pelvic organs (uterus, vagina, urinary bladder, and/or rectum)
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The levator ani muscles originate from the post. aspect of the body of pubis, tendious arch, & ischial spine. What is the tendinous arch?
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thickening of the pelvic fascia covering the obturator internus muscle
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What is the urogenital hiatus?
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Incomplete anterior portion of tendinous arch that allows for passage of urethra & vagina in females
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Which levator ani muscle is responsible for the anorectal flexure, playing a major role in maintaining fecal continence?
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Puborectalis muscle
(thicker, inferomedial part of levator ani muscle, U-shaped sling that passes post. to anorectal jxn) |