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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which lung is bigger?
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Right lung
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What is the purpose of the cartilaginous rings?
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Keep the trachea open
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Why are the rings incomplete?
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Expands so the food can go down the esophagus
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Which vocal chords produce sound?
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True vocal chords
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Explain how you get different pitches and loudness from true vocal chords?
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Change of pitch is dependent upon tension, loudness is dependent upon how much air passes through them
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Why is the liver reddish-brown?
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Blood vessels
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What is the name of the response that you can get with increasing abdominal pressure during defecation?
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Valsava's maneuver
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How does it work? Valsava's maneuver?
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The epiglottis closes over the larynx, which closes off, pressure increases
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A human has how many adult teeth?
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32
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Name each type of tooth in the quadrant.
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Incisor, canines, bicuspids, premolars, molars
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How many teeth does a 2 yr old baby have?
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20
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Baby teeth are called milk teeth or?
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Deciduous
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Name the structure that connects the root of the tooth to the alveolar socket.
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Periodontal ligament
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What is the name of the internal tube structure that is softer than the outside surface?
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Dentin
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Name the funnels in the nasal cavity that cause a turbulence of air and produces mucus.
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Nasal concha
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Name as many cones as possible that form the nasal cavity
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Ethmoid & spheniod
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Name the structure that is inferior to the larynx.
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Trachea
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Name the epithelial tissue that lines the esophagus.
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Pseudostratified columnar epithelium- produce mucus in trachea that help trap foreign particles, initiate cough reflex to get pollen and such out
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Name the 3 section of the small intestine.
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Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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Name the opening in the larynx?
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Glottis
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What makes the glottis close?
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False vocal chords
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Name the structure that both food and air passes through.
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Pharynx
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Name the 3 sections of pharynx.
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Nasopharynx, orophatynx, laryngopharynx
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What structure controls the breathing?
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Brain stem
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Which 2 parts of the brain are more in control?
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Medulla and pons
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Out of the pons and medulla, what 3 groups of neurons then control and rate of breathing?
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Dorsal respiratory group, ventral respiratory group, and nemotaxic
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What group of the 3 neurons is quiet during normal breathing?
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Ventral respiratory
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When is the ventral respiratory not quiet?
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Whenever you need to take deeper breaths
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The jugular vein is taking blood and the waste byproducts from cellular respiration back to what part of the heart?
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Right atrium
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In digestion, there are 2 general types of break down of food, what are they?
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Mechanical chemical
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Name the 6 stages of food going through the digestive system.
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1.Ingest 2. mechanical breakdown in mouth and stomach 3.Propulsion 4. Enzymes 5. Absorption of nutrients 6.Defecation
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Where does the initial break down of food?
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the mouth
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What is the enzyme that breaks down fat?
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amylase
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Of all the saliva glands, which saliva glands produce the amylase?
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Parotid gland
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What is the name of the organ that lies directly underneath the liver?
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Gallbladder
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Name the structure that immediately drains the gallbladder.
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Cystic duct
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What does the cystic duct drain into?
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Common bile duct
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You can have a blockage of the cystic duct in the gallbladder, what are these gallstones made of?
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Cholesterol
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On the digestive tube, there are 4 layers within that tube. What layer does the secretion and absorption?
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Mucosal layer
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Name all 4 layers on the digestive tube.
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Mucosa-secretory and absorption
Submucosa-lymphatic, nervous tissues, capillary system, CT Mucularis externa- circular & longitudinal Serosa- mucus & attacks messentary |
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What is the piece of tissue that hangs down from the soft palate?
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Uvula
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What is the function of the uvula in swallowing?
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Closes the nasal cavity
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What lubricates alveoli so they don't stick together?
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Surfactant
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Name the structures that allow for forced expiration.
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Thoracic and abdominal wall muscles
-internal intercoastal muscles -oblique abdominus -Transverse abdominus -rectus abdominus |
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What is Dalton's law?
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In mixture of gases, each gas exerts a pressure according to the amount of gas in that mixture
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What is Boyle's law?
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Volume inversely proportional to pressure
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What does Boyle's law mean?
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If the volume decreases, pressure increases and vice versa
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If you are a swimmer, what volume are you going to be needing?
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Inspiratory reserve volume
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What is the strongest stimulus to increase the respiratory rate?
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Carbon dioxide build up
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What is the substance of the major substance that enters the body that we take in, which stays in the stomach the longest?
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Fats
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When proteins and fats go through the pyloric sphincter and enter the small intestine, what is released?
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CCK
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What does CCK do?
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Decreases gastric motility and mobility
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What does gastrin do?
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Causes more gastric secretions to be produced
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What type of impulses from the nervous system is sent in order for digestion to occur?
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Parasympathetic
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The epiglottis is made up of what type of tissue?
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Elastic cartilage
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What are all the other cartilages of the larynx made up of?
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Hyaline
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Name the gastric juices.
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HCI, mucus, pepsinogen, intrinsic factor ( from vitamin b12)
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These cells (parietal, chief, and mucus) are located in what type of structure in the lining of the cell wall?
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Gastric gland
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The breakdown of what type of material occurs in the stomach first?
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Protein
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Where is amylase produced?
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Salivary glands and pancreas
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what is digestion?
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mechanical and chemical breakdown of food so that nutrients can be absorbed by cells
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What is the alimentary canal?
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It is a muscular tube about 9 meters long that passes through the body's ventral cavity
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What is peristalsis?
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Wavelike motion which is caused by contraction behind the mass of food as relaxation allows the mass to enter the next segment of the tube
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What are the lips purpose?
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help judge the temperature and texture of food.
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What is the purpose of the tongue?
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To move food around in mouth for the breakdown
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What is the function of the soft palate and uvula?
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To close off the nasal cavity during swallowing
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What is the function of saliva?
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Cleans teeth, breakdown of food, moistens food, helps the taste buds for tasting, and binds particles together
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What is the intrinsic factor?
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to get vitamin b12 absorbed from small intestine
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What is food called when it reaches pyloric region?
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chyme
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What is the folding of the stomach wall?
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Rugae
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What does mucous cells produce?
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Mucus that protects the lining of the stomach
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What does chief cells secrete?
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Pepsin ( to digest protein) as inactive pepsinogen, which is activated when it comes in contact with HCI
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What do parietal cells secrete?
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HCI
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What is the only part of the bile that is involved in digestion?
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Bile salts
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What does CCK do?
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Causes the gallbladder to contract
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