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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
In chronic bronchitis:
I the bronchial walls are narrowed because od vasoconstriction II the bronchial glands are enlarged III the number of goblet cell is decreased IV the number of cilia lining the tracheobronchial tree is increased |
II only
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Which of the following is/are believed to play a major role in chronic bronchitis?
I ozone II nitrous oxide III sulfur dioxide IV nitrogen oxide |
I, III and IV
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Which of the following common bacteria are found in the tracheobronchial tree of patients with chronic bronchitis?
I Staphylococcus II Haemophilus influenzae III Klebsiella IVStreptococcus |
II and IV only
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In chronic bronchitis, the patient commonly demonstrates which of the following:
I increased FVC II decreased ERV III increased VC IV decreased RV |
II only
|
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The patient with severe chronic bronchitis usually has which of the following arterial blood gas values?
I decreased pH II increased HCO3 III decreased Paco2 IVincreased Pao2 |
II only
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Sympathomimetic agents commonly are prescribed for patients with chronic bronchitis to offset bronchial smooth muscle spasm. What is the trade name of the sympathomimetic agent albuterol?
I Proventil II Ventolin III Vanceril IV Brethine |
I and II only
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The patient with severe chronic bronchitis commonly demonstrates which of the following oxygenation indices?
I decreased C(a-v)o2 II increased O2ER III decreased Do2 IV increased Vo2 |
II and III only
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The patient with severe chronic bronchitis commonly demonstrates which of the following hemodynamic indices?
I increased PCWP II decreased RAP III increased PA IV decreased CO |
III only
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Parasympatholtic agents are often used to offset the bronchial smooth muscle constriction associated with chronic bronchitis. What is the trade name of the parasympatholytic agent ipratropium bromide?
|
Atrovent
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Patients with severe chronic bronchitis may demonstrate which of the following?
I peripheral edema II distended neck veins III An elevated hemoglobin concentration IV An enlarged liver |
I,II,III, and IV
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What type of emphysema creates an abnormal enlargement of all structures distal to the terminal bronchioles?
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Panlobular emphysema
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What is the normal level of a1-protease inhibitor?
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200-400mg/dl
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The diffusion capacity of patients with emphysema is:
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Decreased
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Patients with severe emphysema commonly demonstrate which of the following oxygenation indices?
I decreased Svo2 II increased O2ER III decreased Do2 IV increased C(a-v)o2 |
I, II, and III only
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Which phenotype is associated with the lowest serum concentration of a1-protease inhibitor?
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ZZ phenotype
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Which of the following pulmonary function study findings are associated with severe emphysema?
I increased FRC II decreased PEFR III increased RV IV decreased FVC |
I,II,III, and IV
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The patient with severe emphysema commonly demonstrates which of the following hemodynamic indices?
I decreased CVP II increased PA III decreased RVSWI IV increased PVR |
II and IV only
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Because acute ventilatory changes often are seen in patients with chronic ventatory failure, the respiratory care practitioner must be alert for this problem in patients with severe emphysema. Which of the following ABG findings represent acute alveolar hyperventilation superimposed on chronic ventilatory failure?
I increased pH II increased Paco2 III increased HCO3 IV Pao2 |
I,II, and III only
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The lung parenchyma in the chest radiograph of a patient with empysema appears:
I opaque II white III More translucent than normal IV dark |
III and IV only
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What is the single most important etiologic factor in emphysema?
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cigarette smoking
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During an asthmatic episode, the smooth muscle of the bronchi may hypertrophy as much as:
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3 times normal size
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Asthma is associated with which of the following?
I increase in goblet cells II decrease in cilia III increase in bronchial gland size IV decrease in eosinophils |
I,II and III only
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During an extrinsic-type asthma attack, the lymphoid tissue cells form which antibody?
|
IgE
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When chemical mediators from mast cells are released:
I bronchial dilation occurs II bronchial gland hypersecretion occurs III blood vessels constrict Iv tissue edema occurs |
II and IV only
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Which of the following are associated with intrinsic asthma?
I NSAIDs II respiratory syncytial virus III gastroesophageal reflux IV bisulfites |
I,II,III,and IV
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When pulsus paradoxus appears during an asthma attack:
I left ventricle filling is increased duringinspiration II cardiac output decreases during expiration III left ventricle filling increases during expiration IV cardiac output increases during inspiration |
III only
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During an asthmatic episode, which of the following abnormal lung volume and capacity findings are found?
I increased FRC II decreased ERV III increased FEV1 IV decreased RV |
I and II only
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During mast cell degranulation, which of the following chemical mediators are released?
I NCF II ECF-A III histamine IV leukotrienes |
I,II,III, and IV
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Patients commonly exhibit which of the following ABG during an acute asthmatic episode?
I increased pH II increased Paco2 III decreased HCO3 IV Pao2 |
I,III,and IV only
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The onset of intrinsic asthma usually occurs after which age?
|
40 years old
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Pathologic alterations of the lungs are absentbetween moderate asthmatic episodes.
t or f |
true
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A patient with extrinsic asthma generally demonstrates symptoms after 30 years of age:
t or f |
false
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An antigen-antibody reaction generally is absent in intrinsic asthma.
t or f |
true
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Extrinsic asthma is also considered an allergic disorder.
t or f |
true
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A partial Beta-blockade may be responsible for the occurrence of asthma in some individuals.
t or f |
true
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During an asthmatic attack, wheezing occurs more frequently during expiration.
t or f |
true
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Vanceril
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Beclomethasone
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Alupent
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Metaproterenol
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Spiriva
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Tiotropium
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Serevent
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Salmeterol
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Atrovent
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Ipratroprium bromide
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Proventil
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Albuterol
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Xopenex
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Levalbuterol
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Beclovent
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Beclomethasone
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Brethine
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Terbutaline
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Metaprel
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Metaproterenol
|
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Foradil
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Formoterol
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Ventolin
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Albuterol
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Intal
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Cromolyn sodium
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In which of the following forms of bronchiectasis are bronchi dilated and constricted in an irregular fashion?
I fusiform II Saccular III varicose IV cylindrical |
I and III only
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Which of the following are common causes of acquied bronchiectasis?
I hypogammaglobulinemia II pulmonary tuberculosis III Kartagener's syndrome IV cystic fibrosis |
II only
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In the primarily obstructive form of bronchiectasis, the patient commonly demonstrates which of the following?
I decreased FRC II increased FEF III decreased PEFR IV V max 50 |
III only
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Mucolytic agents are commonly used to enhance the mobilization of secretions in patients with bronchiectasis. which of the following is/are classified as a mucolytic agent(s)?
I acetylcysteine II cromolyn sodium III beclomethasone IV rhDNase |
I and IV only
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What is considered the hallmark of bronchiectasis?
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chronic cough and large quantities of foul-smelling sputum.
|
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Which of the following is/are commonly cultured in the sputum of patients with bronchiectasis?
I staphylococcus aureus II pseudomonas aeruginosa III haemophilus influenzae IV klebsiella |
I,II,and III only
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When the pathophysiology of bronchiectasis is primarily obstructive in nature, the patient demonstrates which of the following clinical manifestations?
I decreased tactile and vocal fremitus II bronchial breth sounds III dull percussion note IV crackles/rhonchi/wheezing |
I and IV only
|
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Which of the following diagnostic procedures is/are used to diagnose bronchiectasis?
I ABG II bronchography III oxygenation indices IV computed tomography |
II and IV only
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Which of the following is/are congenital causes of bronchiectasis?
I petussis II cystic fibrosis III chickenpox IV measles |
II only
|
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Which of the following hemodynamic indices is/are associated with bronchiectasis?
I decreased CVP II increased PA III decreased RVSWI IV increased RAP |
II and IV only
|
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What is also known as Friedlander's bacillus?
|
Klebsiella
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Of the six types of Haemophilus influenzae, which type is most frequently pathogenic?
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Type B
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What disease is also associated with Q fever?
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Rickettsia
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Mendelson's syndrome is associated with which of the following?
a lipoid pneumonitis b rubella c varicella d aspiration pneumonia e rickettsia |
d aspiration pneumonia
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Which of the follow is are commonly seen in patients with AIDS?
I aspergillus II cryptococcus III pneumocystis carinii IV cytomegalovirus |
I,II,III, and IV
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Ribavirin aerosol has been shown to be effective in treating children with:
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respiratory syncytial virus
|
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What is almost always the cause of acute epiglottitis?
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Haemophilus influenzae B
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______ is most associated with "croup"?
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parainfluenza pneumoniae
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In the absence of a secondary bacterial infection, lung inflammation caused by the aspiration of gastric fluids usually becomes insignificant in approximately how many days?
|
3
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Which of the following is associated with pneumonia?
I decreased tactile and vocalfremitus II increased C(a-v)o2 III decreased PEFR IV increased VC |
III only
|
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What is the first stage of tuberculosis known as?
I reinfection tuberculosis II Primary tuberculosis III secondary tuberculosis IV primary infection stage |
II and IV only
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What is the nameof the protective cell wall that surrounds and encases lung tissue infected with tuberculosis?
|
granuloma
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The tubercule bacillus is:
I highly aerobic II Acid-fast III capable of surviving for months outside the body IV rod-shoped |
I,II,III,and IV
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At which size wheal is a tuberculin skin test considered to be positive?
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greater than 10mm
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What is often prescribed as a daily dose for 1 year in individuals who have been exposed to the tuberculosis bacilli?
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Isoniazid
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Pleural space complications such as empysema and pneumothorax are common in patients with tuberculosis.
t or f |
true
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A positive reaction to the tuberculin skin test confirms that a patient has active tuberculosis.
t or f |
false
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Tuberculosis commonly develops in the apices of the lungs.
t or f |
true
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The tuberculin skin test measures the delayed hypersensitivity that follows exposure to the tubercule bacillus.
t or f |
true
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Military tuberculosis presents as a small, isolated tubercule lesion.
t or f |
false
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In pulomary edema, fluid first moves into the:
I alveoli II pervascular interstitial space III bronchioles IV peribronchial intersititial space |
II and IV only
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What is the normal hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries?
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10 to 15mmHg
|
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What is the normal oncotic pressure of the blood?
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25 to 30mmHg
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Which of the following are causes of cardiogenic pulmonary edema?
I excessive fluid administration II right ventricular failure III mitral valve disease IV pulmonary embolus |
I,III and IV only
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As a result of pulmonary edema, the patient's:
I RV is decreased II FRC is increased III VC is increased IV TLC is increased |
I only
|
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Morphine sulfate induces venodilation.
t or f |
true
|
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Patients with pulmonary edema frequently recieve 30% to 50% aerosolized alcohol.
t or f |
true
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A patient is said to have orthopnea if dyspnea increases when the patient is in the upright postion.
t or f |
false
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Kerley B lines on the chest X-ray films are believed to originate from edematous interlobar septa.
t or f |
true
|
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Hypoproteinemia reduces oncotic pressure.
t or f |
true
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An agent used to increase the patient's oncotic pressure to counteract the increased hydrostatic forces associated with cardiogenic pulmonary edema is ___________.
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albumin
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Most pulmonary emboli orginate from thrombi in the:
I lungs II right heart III leg and pelvic veins IV pulmonary veins |
C leg and pelvic veins
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The aortic and cartoid sinus barroreceptors initate which of the following in response to a decrease systemic blood pressure?
I increased heart rate II increased ventilatory rate III decreased heart rate IV ventilatory rate is not affected by the aortic and carotid sinus barrorecptors |
I and II only
|
|
What is the upper limit of the normal mean pulmonary artery pressure?
|
15mmHg
|
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Pulmonary hypertension develops in pulmonary embolism because of which of the follwing?
I increased cross-setional area of the pulmonary vascular system II vasoconstriction caused by humoral agent release III vasoconstriction induced by decreased arterial oxygen pressure Pao2 IV vasocontriction induced by decreased alveolar oxygen pressure (Pao2 |
II and IV only
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IN severe pulmonary embolism, which of the following hemodynamic indices is/are commonly seen?
I decreased PVR II increased PA III decreased CVP IV increased PCWP |
II only
|
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When humoral agents such as serotonin are released into the pulmonary circulation, which of the following occurs?
I the bronchial smooth muscles dilate. II the V/Q ratio decreases III the bronchial smooth muscles constrict IV th V/Q ratio increases |
II and III only
|
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Which of the following is a thrombolytic agent?
I urokinase II Heprin III Warfarin IV streptokinase |
I and IV only
|
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What is the most prominent source of pulmonary emboli?
|
blood clots
|
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Which of the following organisms is/are commonly found in the tracheobronchial tree secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis?
I staphylococcus II haemophilus influenzae III strepococcus IV pseudomanas aeruginosa |
I,II and IV only
|
|
When two carriers of cystic fibrosis produce children, there ia a :
|
25% chance the baby will be normal and a 25% chance the baby will have cystic fibrosis.
|
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The cystic fibrosis gene is located on which chromosome?
|
7
|
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In cystic fibrosis the patient commonly demonstrates which of the following?
I increase FEV II decreased MVV III increased RV IV decreased FEV/FVC ratio |
II,III and IV only
|
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During advanced stages of cystic fibrosis, the patient generally demonstrates which of the following?
I bronchial breath sounds II dull percussion notes III diminished breath sounds IV hyperresonant percussion notes |
III and IV only
|
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Approximately 80% of all patients with cystic fibrosis demonstrate a deficiency in which of the following vitamins?
I A II B III D IV E V K |
I, III, IV, V only
|
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In children, ______ sweat chloride concentration values is diagnostic of cystic fibrosis.
|
60mEq/L
|
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Which of the following is/are a mucolytic agent(s)?
I N-acetylcystine II aristocort III rhDNase IV aldactone |
I and III only
|
|
In regards to the secretion of sodium and chloride, the sewat glands of patients with cystic fibrosis secrete up to:
|
5 times the normal amount
|
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Which of the following clinical manifestations are associated with severe cystic fibrosis?
I decrease hemoglobin concentration II increase central venous pressure III decrease breath sounds IV increased pulmonary vascular resistance |
II,III,and IV only
|