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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Person to first observe cells
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Robert Hook, 1665
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Person to term "animalcules"
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Who proposed "Cell Theory"
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Schleiden and Schwan
Mathias Schleiden (1838) Theodore Schwann (1839) |
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Cell Theory is...
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1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest living things 3.Cells arise only from pre-existing cells |
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Where is the DNA located in a Prokaryote?
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Nucleoid
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Person to first observe cells
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Robert Hook, 1665
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Person to term "animalcules"
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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Who proposed "Cell Theory"
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Schleiden and Schwan
Mathias Schleiden (1838) Theodore Schwann (1839) |
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Cell Theory is...
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1. All organisms are composed of cells.
2. Cells are the smallest living things 3.Cells arise only from pre-existing cells |
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Where is the DNA located in a Prokaryote?
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Nucleoid
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Where is the DNA located in Eukaryote?
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Nucleus
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A semifluid matrix?
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Cytoplasm
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Do prokaryote have organelles
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No
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What is an organelle?
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Specialized membrane bound structures that perform specific tasks
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What do ALL cells have in common?
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1. Genetic material-in a nucleoid or nucleus
2. Cytoplasm-a semifluid matrix 3. Plasma membrane-a phospholipid membrane |
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Two types of Prokaryotes?
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Archaea
Bacteria |
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4 Types of Eukaryotes?
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1. Plants
2. Animals 3. Fungi-molds, mushrooms, yeasts 4. Protists-single celled orgnaisms |
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How do prokaryotes reproduce?
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Binary fission-a simple splitting of the cell into 2 equal parts
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The plasma membrane is...?
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a phospholipid bilayer that encloses and separates its contents from its surroundings
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_________ proteins help molecules move across the plasma membrane
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Transport
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Define prokaryote
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simple organisms consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane and encased within a rigid cell wall with no distinct internal compartments
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What is the cell wall made of in bacteria
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Peptidoglycan
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Gram positive means?
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thick cell wall that retains a violet dye appearing puple under a microscope
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Gram negative means?
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bacteria that have evolved to a more complex, multilayered cell wall that does not retain the purple dye. They appear red after staining
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Define flagella
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long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface that are used in locomotion
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Do prokaryotes have ribosomes?
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Yes. Ribosomes are used in protein synthesis
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Define fimbriae
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Hollow, hair like structures used for attatchment
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Define Pili
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Hair like structures used in the transfer of genetic information
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Do archae have peptidoglycan?
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No
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Do animal cells have cell walls?
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No
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Define prokaryote
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simple organisms consisting of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane and encased within a rigid cell wall with no distinct internal compartments
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What is the cell wall made of in bacteria
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Peptidoglycan
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Gram positive means?
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thick cell wall that retains a violet dye appearing puple under a microscope
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Gram negative means?
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bacteria that have evolved to a more complex, multilayered cell wall that does not retain the purple dye. They appear red after staining
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Define flagella
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long, threadlike structure protruding from the surface that are used in locomotion
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Plasma membrane
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Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
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Regulates what passes into and out of the cell. Cell-to-cell recognition; connections and adhesion;cell communication
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Nucleus
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Spherical, contains chromosomes and is surrounded by a double membrane called a nuclear envelope composed of 2 phospholipid bilayers
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Contains genetic information in the form of multiple, linear chromosomes.
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Chromosomes
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Long threads of DNA that form a complex with protein
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Contain heredity information used to direct the systhesis of protein
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Ribosomes
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Small, complex assemblies of protein and RNA. 2 subunits
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Protein Synthesis
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Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
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A network of internal membranous channels throughout the cytoplasm. Attatched ribosomes give a rough appearence.
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Synthesis of proteins
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Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
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Network of membranous channels throughtout the cytoplasm. Few if any ribosomes attatched.
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Synthesis of phospholipids, calcium storage, detoxification of foreign substances
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Golgi Apparatus
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Flattened stacks of interconnected membranes
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Inspects, packages, and distributes materials to different parts of the cell. Synthesis of cell wall compontents
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Lysosomes
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Membrane bound vesicles derived from the golgi apparatus containing digestive enzymes.
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Break down macromolecules, worn out ogranells, and cellular debris.
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Mitochondria
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Present in all eukaryotes.
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Energy production in the form of ATP.
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Chloroplasts
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Present in PLANTS ONLY. Contains chlorophyll.
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Photosynthesis
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Thylakoids
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membranous sacs within chlorpolasts stacted together with other thylakoids
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Photosynthesis
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Grana
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Stacks of thylakoids
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Photosynthesis
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Stroma
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Fluid that fills chloroplasts
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Photosynthesis
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Chlorophyll
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Green pigments in chloroplasts
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Photosynthesis
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Cytoskeleton
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Network of protein fibers found in all eukaryotic cells.
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Supports the shape of the cell, keeps organelles in fixed locations. The "scaffolding" of the cell.
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Mitochondria
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Surrounded by 2 membranes. Smooth outer layer, folded inner membrane with layers called cristae.
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Energy production
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Cristae
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folded inner layers of a mitochondria
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Energy production
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Vacuoles-plants
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large central area.
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Used for water storage and other molecules such as sugar, ions, pigments, and waste products.
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Vacuoles-animals
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Contractile vacuole, regular vacuole
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Contractile vacuole: acts as a pump for some portists to propel themselves. Regular vacuole acts as storage for some animal cells.
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Flagella
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Long filamentous appendages found in some animal and protists-rotary movement.
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Cell movement
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Cilia
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Aranged on the rows on the surface of a eukaryotic cell
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Cell movement
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