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120 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome(posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial Hypercholestrolemia
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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waterhouse-fridericksen syndrome(secondary to neisseria meningitidis infection)
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints
genetic inheritance? |
Marfan's Syndrome(fibrillin defect)
autosomal dominant |
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Athlete with polycythemia
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Erythropoietin injection
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lower Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease(vertebral tuberculosis)
haematogenous spread of tuberculosis from other sites, often pulmonary Back pain = THORACOLUMBAR |
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis(iris, ciliary body, choroid)
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Sarcoidosis(non-caseating granulomas)
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Blue Sclera
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta(Type I collagen defect)
OI Type I is autosomal dominant OI Type II is fatal in the neonatal period Type I Collagen - Present in Bones, Skin, Tendon, Cornea, Dentin, late wound repair As such symptoms present with Blue Sclera(connective tissue translucence due to crappy collagen), Brittle Bones, Dental Imperfections, and hearing loss(middle ear bones crappy) |
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line(lead poisoning)
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's Disease of bone(increased osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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Paget's Disease associations
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Thought to be associated with paramyxovirus, increased serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH. Also, increased Alk Phos. Mosaic Bone Pattern; long bone chalk-stick fractures.
Increased blood flow from increased AV shunts in bone may cause high output heart failure. Can also lead to osteogenic sarcoma. |
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Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurgitation
Bounding pulse is a medical sign characterized as a leaping and forceful pulse that quickly disappears. In aortic insufficiency (AI), when the pressure in the left ventricle falls below the pressure in the aorta, the aortic valve is not able to completely close. This causes a leaking of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle. This means that some of the blood that was already ejected from the heart is regurgitating back into the heart. |
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Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch Nodules(iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis Type I(Also associated with skeletal disorders(scoliosis) and optic pathway gliomas
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Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dypslasia(a form of dysplasia affecting more than one bone), precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright Syndrome (mosaic G protein signaling mutation)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular Dystrophy(most commonly Duchenne's)
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"Cherry-red spot" on macular
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Tay-Sachs(ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick(sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's Syndrome(autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Gower's Sign(Duchenne muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive deleted dystrophin gene)
Dystrophin is responsible for connecting the cytoskeleton of each muscle fiber to the underlying basal lamina (extracellular matrix) through a protein complex containing many subunits The absence of dystrophin permits excess calcium to penetrate the sarcolemma (cell membrane). Alterations in these signalling pathways cause water to enter into the mitochondria which then burst. In skeletal muscle dystrophy, mitochondrial dysfunction gives rise to an amplification of stress-induced cytosolic calcium signals and an amplification of stress-induced reactive-oxygen species (ROS) production. In a complex cascading process that involves several pathways and is not clearly understood, increased oxidative stress within the cell damages the sarcolemma and eventually results in the death of the cell. Muscle fibers undergo necrosis and are ultimately replaced with adipose and connective tissue. |
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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"Slapped cheeks" (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus b19)
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
genetic inheritance? |
Huntington's Disease(autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion)
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps
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McArdle's disease(muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Myophosphorylase is the form of the glycogen phosphorylase found in muscle. Myophosphorylase is involved in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use in muscle. The enzyme removes 1,4 glycosyl residues from outer branches of glycogen and adds inorganic phosphate to form glucose-1-phosphate. Cells form glucose-1-phosphate instead of glucose during glycogen breakdown because the polar, phosphorylated glucose cannot leave the cell membrane and so is marked for intracellular catabolism. |
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Cold Intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia
(damage to MLF, which connects CN III and CN VI) unilateral condition probably due to stroke. ***bilateral condition A/W multiple sclerosis When looking to the left, the left nucleus of CN VI fires, which contracts the left lateral rectus and stimulates the contralateral(right) nucleus of CN III via the right MLF to contract the right medial rectus |
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Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
close with? open with? |
PDA(close with indomethacin, a prostaglandin inhibitor; open with misoprostol, a prostaglandin analogue)
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema (hypothyroidism, Grave's disease)
connective tissue deposition: glycosaminoglycans, hyaluronic acid, and other mucopolysaccharides |
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma(usually AIDS patients[gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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Dermatitis, Dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra(niacin [Vitamin B3] deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi (Thiamine[vitamin B1] deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella Multocida(cellulitis at inoculation site)
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
-- can lead to dental carries, "dust in eye" |
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehler Danlos syndromes (colalgen defect, usually type III)
Type III collagen(Reticulin) -- early granulation tissue, blood vessels |
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node(abdominal metastasis)
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign(hypocalcemia)
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Fat, female, forty, fertile
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Acute cholelithiasis
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction -- rapid lysis of spirochete results in toxin release
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles(Paramyxovirus-Morbillivirus)
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B cell lymphoma symptoms
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Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's Disease
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Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in boy
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Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked) - Decreased purine salvage
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleisher Rings - copper accumulation from Wilson's disease
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome(genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; increase cancer risk)
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms(mostly in type II)
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport's syndrome(Type IV collagen mutation)
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
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Trousseau's Sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hyperphagia, Hypersexuality, Hyperorality, Hyperdocility
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Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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Hypertension, Hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn's Syndrome(primary hyperaldosteronism)
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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Diffusion disorder - "Blue Bloater" from chronic bronchitis leading to hyperplasia of mucous cells
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
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Nonpainful: chancre(Primary syphilis from Treponema Pallidum, a spirochete)
Painful, with exudate: chancroid(Haemophilus Ducreyi) |
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease(genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease(debranching enzyme deficiency)
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edward's Syndrome(Trisomy 18)
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Jaundice, RUQ pain, fever
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Charcot's Triad(ascending cholangitis)
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Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma(lung or cervix)
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Large rash with bull's-eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite(Lyme Disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after traumatic bgrain injury
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Epidural hematoma(middle meningeal artery rupture)
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease(X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia(defective platelet aggregation due to lack of GP IIb/IIIa)
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's Syndrome(subtype of FAP)
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Necrotizing vasculitis(lungs), and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's(c-ANCA) and Goodpastures(anti-basement membrane antibodies)
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy(superior trunk[c5-c6] brachial plexus injury:"waiter's tip")
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome(pituitary infarction)
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech('other' Charcot's Triad), bilateral internuclear ophtalmoplegia
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations(Central apnea in CHF or increased intracranial pressure)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin disease(autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mono(EBV))
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome(vasospasm in extremities)
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painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node(infective endocarditis)
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and solesd
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Janeway lesions(infective endocarditis)
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Painless jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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Palpable purpura, joint pain, abdominal pain(child)
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura(IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's Syndrome(MEN 1)
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Polyostic Fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, cafe au lait spots, short stature in a girl
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McCune Albright syndrome
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"currant jelly" stool
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intussusception
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Rusty colored sputum
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Strep Pneumoniae
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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"pink puffer"
emphysema: centroacinar[smoking], panacinar[alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency]) |
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's Syndrome(proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Positive anterior "drawer's sign"
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Anterior cruciate ligament injury
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's Syndrome(sympathetic chain lesion) (pancoast's tumor of the lung)
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Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil(neurosyphilis)
Prostitute's pupil |
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends(following GI/upper respiratory infection), ascending motor paralysis
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Guillain-Barre syndrome
autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy |
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rash on palms and soles
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secondary syphilis, rocky mountain spotted fever, coxackievirus A(hand, foot mouth disease)
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recurrent colds, unusual eczema(TRUNKAL vs flexor), high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome(hyper-IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast(represents underlying neoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBC's
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
lack of CD55/CD59 DAF/MIRL |
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Renal Cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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Von-Hippel Lindau disease(dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease(nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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Restrictive cardiomyopathy(juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease(lysosomal glucosidase deficiency)
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots(bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome(congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign(appendicitis)
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Short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's Anemia(genetically inherited; often progresses to AML)
defective DNA repair |
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Single Palm crease
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Simian crease(down Syndrome)
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
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Kartagener's Syndrome
Dynein defect in cilia |
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease(primary adrenocortical insufficiency of autoimmune or infectious etiology)
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's Muscular dystrophy(X-linked, defective dystrophin;less severe than Duchenne's)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue white centers
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Koplik spots(measles) - Cough, coriza, conjunctivitis, Koplik spots
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condyloma Lata(secondary syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages on fingernails
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bacterial endocarditis
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"strawberry tongue"
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Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease(coarctation of aorta), horseshoe kidney
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Turner Syndrome(XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra(hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucous blereding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy(vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis(osteophytes on PIP[bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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Systolic ejection murmur(crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Medullary carcinoma of Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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Sipple's syndrome(MEN 2A)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign(UMN lesion)
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unilateral facial dropping involving forehead
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BEll's palsy(LMN CN VII palsy)
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome(reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27)
"Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree" |
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Vascular birthmark(port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma(benign, but a/w Sturge-Weber syndrome)--stays forever
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Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzman reaction(following second exposure to endotoxin0
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome(alcoholic and bulimic patients)
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(made by renal tubule)"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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chronic end stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease(Tropheryma Whippelii)
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"worst headache of my life"
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subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to a berry aneurysm
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Bilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Guillain Barre Syndrome or lyme disease(borrelia borgdorferi)
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WBC's in urine(NO CASTS)
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cystitis
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