Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What factors should be considered in determining the space needed for a darkroom
|
The volume of radiographs to be processed
Number of dental professionals handling the processing Type of processing to be done (manual, automatic) Space required for duplicating, drying and storage |
|
Coin test
|
Coin is placed on unwrapped, unexposed film under safelight
After 3 min of exposure to safelight, film is developed If the film shows outline of the coin, the light is not safe |
|
M-2 Safelight
|
Used for working with intraoral film
|
|
GBX-2 Safelight
|
Used with extraoral and intraoral film because of the film's increased sensitivity to light.
|
|
What is the optimum temperature for the processing tanks?
|
68-70F
|
|
What are the ingredients of Developer?
|
Elon/Metol and hydroquinone developing agent
Sodium sulfite preservative Sodium carbonate activator Potassium bromide restrainer |
|
What is the function of Elon/Metol and hydroquinone developing agent?
|
Reduces the energized silver bromide crystals in the film to silver
|
|
What is the function of Sodium sulfite preservative in Developer
|
Prevents oxidation of developer
|
|
What is the function of Sodium carbonate activator in Developer?
|
Provides alkaline medium
Softens gelatin to allow developing agents to reach silver bromide crystals |
|
What is the function of Potassium Bromide restrainer in Developer?
|
Controls activity of developing agents and prevents chemical fog
|
|
What are the ingredients of fixer?
|
Sodium thiosulfate clearing solution
Sodium sulfite preservative Potassium aluminum sulfate hardener Acetic acid acidifier |
|
What is the purpose of Sodium thiosulfate clearing solution in Fixer
|
Removes undeveloped or unexposed silver bromide crystals from the emulsion
|
|
What is the purpose of Sodium sulfite preservative in Fixer
|
Prevents the decomposition of teh thiosulfate clearing agent
|
|
What is the purpose of Potassium aluminum sulfate hardener in Fixer
|
Shrinks and hardens gelatin
|
|
What is the purpose of Acetic acid in Fixer
|
Maintains acid medium
|
|
Time-temperature method
|
A technique used to process x-ray films in which the time the film stays in the developer is calibrated to the temperature of the solution within a stated acceptable range.
|
|
What is the sequence of processing?
|
Developing, rinsing, fixing, washing and drying
|
|
Sight Development
|
Develop X-ray films by sight
Film is removed at frequent intervals and held up to the safelight until fillings or root shapes are visible The film is then washed and placed in fixer Does not provide the maximum diagnostic information for radiation exposure |
|
Wet reading
|
Interpretation of the radiograph approximately 3 minutes after its initial fixation
Permanent fixation requires a minimum of 10minutes |
|
Rapid processing
|
Done with the use of higher solution temperatures, concentrated solutions, agitation of the film or a combination
The higher the temperature or more agitation of the film, the less time it needs in the developer Not comparable in density and definition to films processed by standard methods |
|
Automatic processing
|
The processing of radiographs by machine, eliminating the need for human interaction to move the films from solution baths
Advantage is the maintenance of standardized procedure |
|
Reticulation
|
Film is developed at an elevated temperature and then placed in a cold water bath. Causes the swollen emulsion to shrink rapidly and give the image a wrinked appearance
|
|
Fogged film
|
Overall gray appearance because of diminished contrast
Caused by light leaks, improper safelight, improper film storage, exposure to secondary radiation |
|
Underdeveloped film
|
Light/thin in appearance
Results when amount of silver has not been precipitated because of weak or cold developing solution of insufficient developing time Also can be due to incorrect mA or increased FFD |
|
Overdeveloped film
|
Dense/dark image
Results from too much fluid precipitating by hot developing solutions or prolonged developing time |
|
Clear films
|
Entire emulsion has been washed off
Occurs when films are overfixed or left in water baths for prolonged periods Can also occur if film is placed in fixed first before developing solution |
|
Discolored film
|
Films that do not have adequate fixation turn burn after a period of time
|
|
What is the optimum time to keep film in developer?
|
4.5-5 min depending on the manufacturer
|