Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cognition
|
mental activites associated with thinking/knowing/remembering/communicating
|
|
concept
|
mental groupings of similar objects/event/ppl
-schema |
|
prototype
|
mental image of the best example
|
|
algorithm
|
methoidcal/logical rule or procedure that guarentees solution
|
|
heuristic
|
simple thinking strategy making judgements to solve problems- usually faster but more error prone
|
|
insight
|
sudden realization of solution; occurs in the right temporal lobe
|
|
inductive reasoning
|
informal reasoninng from specific example -> general concepts
|
|
deductive reasoning
|
general terms->specific example; logical and form thinking
|
|
syllogism
|
an argument made up of 2 propositions (premises) and the conclusion is created based on the two premises
|
|
confirmation bias
|
tendeny to search for information that confirms preconceptions
|
|
fixation
|
inability to see a problem with a new perspective
|
|
mental set
|
tendency to approach a problem with a previously successful way
|
|
functional fixedness
|
tendency to think of items with their usual functions
|
|
representativeness heuristic
|
the likelihood is calculated based on how well something represents the prototype
|
|
availability heuristic
|
likelihood is based upon the availabiity of events in memory
|
|
overconfidence
|
tendency to be mroe confident than correct
|
|
framing
|
the way an issue is posed' can affect decisions and judgements
|
|
belief bias
|
tendency of ones pre-exisitng beliefs to distort logical reasoning
|
|
belief perseverance
|
tedency to cling to intial beliefs/conceptions even in light of contrary evidence
|
|
language
|
spoken/writen/signed words combined to communicate meanings
|
|
phoneme
|
smallest distinctive sound unit in language
|
|
morpheme
|
smallest unit of language carrying a meaning
|
|
grammar
|
system of rules enabiling understnading and communication
|
|
semantics
|
the rules that derive meaning from morphemes/words/sentences
|
|
syntax
|
rules for combining words into sentences
|
|
receptive language
|
ability to comrehend language
|
|
productive language
|
ability to produce words
|
|
babbling stage
|
stage in speech development @around 4 mo.; spontatneously utter sounds
|
|
one-word stage
|
@around 12 mo. speak mostly with one word
|
|
two-word stage
|
2 word sentences @around 24 mo.
|
|
telegraphic speech
|
early speech stage usually verb/noun ->simple sentences, excluding auxiliary words
|
|
B.F. Skinner
|
operant learning; proponet of nurture of language development
|
|
Noam Chomsky
|
inborn universal grammar; nature of language development; language acquisition device
|
|
language acquisition device
|
switchbox that biologically prepares us for the use of language
|
|
linguistic determination
|
benjamin lee worf theory that says language determines the way that we thinik
|
|
bilingual advantage
|
theory of wallace lambert; those who are bilingual must learn to inhibit one language while using another- so they are in turn better at inhibition attention to irrelevant information
|
|
benjamin whorf
|
theorist of linguistic determination
|
|
wolfgang kohler
|
psychologist observing chimpanzees; showed apparent insight/cognitive ability to problem solve- learning lang in animals is more than conditioning
|
|
overgeneralization
|
misapplication of grammar/syntax in lagnuage around the age of 2/3
|