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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prolonged or continous stimulation result in a decreased sensation
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Adaptation
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Says rubbing an injured area or becoming involved in other activates blocks pain impulses
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Gate control theory of pain
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Thin film with three layers of cells located at the back of the eyeball includes photoreceptor. Cells
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Retina
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Says color vision is due to three kinds of cones in retina sensitive to blue green or red
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Trichromatic theory
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Smell receptor located in nasal passages use mucus into which volatile molecules dissolve
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Olfactory cells
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A point above which stimulus is perceived and below which it is not perceived
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Threshold
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Says hair cells vibrate the same number of times per second as the sounds that reach them
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Frequency theory
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A sense organ changes physical energy into electrical signals that become neural impulses
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Transduction
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Each individual pitch a person hears is determined by the place that vibrates most along basilar membrane
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Place theory
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A group of presumed physics experience that lie outside the normal sensory processes or channels
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Extrasensory perception( esp)
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Stimulus activates sensory receptors producing electrical signals that are processed by the brain
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Sensation
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A controlled. Method of eliminating trickery error and bias while testing telepathic communication
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Ganzfeld procedure
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Says color vision is due to eye and brain responding to either red-green or blue-yellow
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Opponent process theory
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Dizziness and nausea resulting from malfunction of semicircular canals of vestibular system
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Vertigo
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Includes pressure temperature and pain from miniature sensors beneath outer layer of skin
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Touch
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Binocular cues for depth that depend on signals from muscles as they move eyes inward to focus
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Convergence
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Stimuli for audition resemble ripples on a pond have height (amplitude) and
speed ( frequency ) |
Sound waves
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Three semicircular canals in the inner ear that determine our sense of balance and position
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Vestibular systems
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One particular segment of electromagnetic energy whose waves can be seen by the human eye
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Visible spectrum
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Provides information about the position body parts are in relation to each other
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Kinesthetic sense
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T/F
The brain follows perceptual rules in order to make sense out of the mass of visual stimuli it receives |
True
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T/F
Sound waves vary in ampitude and frequency |
True
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T/F
The tongue has receptors for five basic tastes |
True
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T/F
The retina is a round opening in front of the eye that allows light to pass into the interior of the eye |
False
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T/F
Images that can be "seen" are created by the primary visual cortex and related association areas of the brain. |
True
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T/F
Anthropologists discovered that how you perceive things depends at least in part on your cultural experiences |
True
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T/F
There is a large body of accepted scientific evidence that supports the existence of ESP |
False
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T/F
The vestibular system provides feedback on the body's position in space by interpreting sound waves emitted from the environment |
False
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T/F
A threshold is a point above which we are aware of a stimulus |
True
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T/F
If it were not for perceptual constancies the world would seen ever-changing and chaotic |
True
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T/F
All five senses share three characteristics: transduction, adaptation, and the experience of "sensing" something |
True
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Tendency to favor smooth or continuous paths when interpreting a series of points or lines
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Continuity
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objects that are close together in space are perceived as belonging together
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proximity
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perceptual experience of perceiving a strange object as being so distorted that it could not really exist
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illusion
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learned expectation that are based on our personal, social or cultural experience and change perceptions
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perceptual sets
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tendency to automatically identify an element of more detail, which then stands out from the rest
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figure-ground rule
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perceiving objects as remaining the same size even though they are shrinking or growing on the retina due to distance
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size constancy
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tendency to fill in any missing parts of a figure in order to see the figure as complete
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closure
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found rules that specify how individual elements are organized into meaningful patterns or perceptions
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Gestalt psychologists
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objects that have similar characteristics are peceived as a unit
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similarity
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tendency to see an object as keeping its same form in spite of viewing it from different angles
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shape constancy
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brief auditory or visual messages that are presented below the absolute threshold
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subliminal messages
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illusion that closely positioned stationary lights flashing at regular intervals are moving
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phi movement
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having strong beliefs about changing some behavior then acting unknowingly to change the behavior
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self fulfilling prophecy
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Which of the following is the correct sequence in perception
a.stimulus-sensation-perception-meaning b. meaning-stimulus-sensation-perception c. sensation-stimulus-perception-meaning d. perception-stimulus-meaning -sensation |
A
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The loudness of a sound is determined by the-------of the sound wave
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amplitude
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The Function of the cochlea is to -----------.
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Transform vibrations into nerve impulses
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Our sense of movement and position in space is determined by the ---------------------.
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movement of fluid in the three semicircular canals of the vestibular system
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A subliminal stimulus has an intensity that gives a person---%of detecting it.
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less than a 50% chance
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The experience of flavor results when we
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combine the sensation of taste and smell
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The work of the retina is to
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Transform light waves into electrical signals
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The process by which a sense changes physical stimuli into electrical impulses is called
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transduction
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In the visual process of transduction, rods allow us to see-----and cones to see-----.
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in dim light/color and fine details
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In a sketch of the new york downtown area Vincent creates a feeling of depth by drawing skyscrapers so that they partially overlap. The cue for depth he is using is known as
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interposition
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without size constancy we would
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think someone actually gets smaller as they walk away from you
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The perceptual rule that makes important things stand out is called
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D
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A decline in responding with prolonged or continuous stimulation is called
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adaptation
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The principle of closure states that
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we tend to fill in missing parts of a figure
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The tympanic membrane is the scientific name for what is commonly called the
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eardrum
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According to the trichromatic theory, color vision is based on
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three primary colors that are mixed to form all the colors
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If a tree falls in an uninhabited forest does it make any sound
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it depends on whether we define sound as the waves of air or the subjective experience of hearing
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The major difference between sensation and perception is that a sensation
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provides basic information while perceptions add meaning and organization to that information
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The smallest increase or decrease in the intensity of a stimulus that person is able to detect is called
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just noticeable difference
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When term describes our tendency to perceive sizes, shapes,and colors as remaining the same even though their physical characteristics keep changing
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perceptual constancy
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The purpose of the Ganzfeld procedure is to
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eliminated trickey, error and bias during ESP experiments
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Many people believe in it but convincing evidence of ESP has been undercut by the
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inability to repeat positive results
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Weber's law of the just noticeable difference explains why
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yours neighbor doesnt believe you really turned your stereo down when is has been blaring
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Which of the following is not one of the five basic tastes
a. sweet b sharp c. salty d. sour |
B SHARP
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of all the senses
a. transduction b. translucence c. adaptation d. perception |
B translucence
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The path that light taked throught the eye is
a. cornea, pupil, lens, retina b. pupil, lens, retina c. lens, cornea, pupil, retina d. lens, fovea, cornea, retina |
a. cornea, pupil, lens, retina
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The thin membrane that moves in and out in response to sound wave oatterns and passes the vibrations to the middle ear is the
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tympanic membrane
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The sense of touch comes from
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special glands for pressure, temperature and pain
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The vestibular organs provide our sense of
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position and balance
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Motion sickness results froms
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contradictory information from the vestibular an visual systems
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Let mama kiss it and make it better is an example of
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the gate control theory of pain
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The receptors for smell are called
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olfactory cells
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Which of the following sensations can be represses by psychological factors
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pain
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Where does the experience of pain take place
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somatosensory and limbic areas of the brain
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The bain produced endorphins during
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periods of severe stress
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The perceptual rule that causes us to favor smooth or continuous paths when interpreting a series of points or lines is called
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continuity
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The key idea in perception set is
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expectation
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An illusion of lights moving that are actually stationay i called
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phi movement
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Which one of the following is not a monocular depth cue
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A
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Transduction in the visual system takes place in the
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retina
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The noise level near the speakers at a rock concert measures about
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140 decibels which can produce hearing loss
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An absolute threshold is the intensity level that can be
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detected 50% of the time
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At low stimulus intensities it takes------changed in order to detect a just noticeable difference
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small
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If two objects are the same size yet one appears to be larger you make the assumption that the object is closer why
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relative size
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The convergence of parallel lines giving the feeling of distance i called
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linear perspective
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The functin of the cornea is to
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bend and focus light waves into a narrow beam
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