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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
applied psychology
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branch of psych. concerned with everday/practical problems
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behavior
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any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism
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behaviorism
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theoretical orientation based on the promise that scientific psych. should study only observable behavior
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clinical psychology
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branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of psychological disorders
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cognition
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mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge
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critical thinking
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purposeful, reasoned, goal-directed thinking that involves solving problems, formulating inferences, working with probabilities, and making carefully thought-out decisions
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culture
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widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations
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Empiricism
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premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation
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ethnocentrism
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tendency to view one's own group as superior to others and as the standard for judging the worth of foreign ways
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evolutionary psychology
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examines behavioral processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations
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functionalism
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based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than it's structure
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humanism
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theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and potential for personal growth
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introspection
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the careful, systematic self-observation of one's own conscious experience
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natural selection
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heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantage are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations--thus becoming "selected" over time
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positive psychology
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uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence
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psychiatry
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branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis & treatment of psychological problems and disorders
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psychoanalytic theory
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attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior
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psychology
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science that studies behavior & the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it's the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems
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SQ3R
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study system to promote effective reading which includes 5 steps: survey, question, read, recite, review
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structuralism
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based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related
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testwiseness
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ability to use the characteristics & format of a cognitive test to maximize one's score
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theory
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system of interrelated ideas used to explain a set of observations
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unconscious
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contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior
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