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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
acoustic memory
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Mental representations of stimuli as sounds.
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Brown-Peterson distractor technique
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(A method for)
determining how long unrehearsed info remains in STM. |
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chunking
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Organizing individual stimuli so that they will be perceived as larger units of meaningful info.
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context-specific learning
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(see context-specific memory)
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context-specific memory
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Memories that are
helped or hindered by similarities or differences bet the contexts in which they're learned & recalled. |
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elaborative rehearsal
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(A memorization method that)
RELATES new info to info already stored in memory. |
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encoding
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The process of
putting info into a form that the memory system can accept & use. |
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encoding specificity principle
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The ability of a cue to aid retrieval depends on how well it taps into info that was ORIGINALLY encoded.
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episodic memory
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Memory for events in one’s own past.
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explicit memory
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Info retrieved through a conscious effort to remember something.
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iconic memory
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The sensory register for visual information.
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immediate memory span
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The MAX # of items a person can recall perfectly after 1 presentation of the items.
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implicit memory
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The UNINTENTIONAL recollection and influence of prior experiences.
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info-processing model of memory
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A model that suggests that
info must pass through SENSORY memory, STM, and LTM in order to become firmly embedded in memory. |
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levels-of-processing model of memory
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A model that suggests that
memory depends on the degree or depth to which we mentally process info. |
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long-term memory (LTM)
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The stage of memory that
researchers believe has an unlimited capacity to store new info. |
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maintenance rehearsal
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A memorization method
that involves repeating info OVER & OVER to keep it in memory. |
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parallel distributed processing (PDP) models of memory
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Memory models in which new experiences are seen as changing one’s overall knowledge base.
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primacy effect
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A characteristic of memory in which
RECALL is particularly good for the first 2 or 3 items in a list. |
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procedural knowledge
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A type of memory containing information about how to do things.
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procedural memory
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(see procedural knowledge)
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recall
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Retrieving information stored in memory.
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recency effect
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A characteristic of memory in which
RECALL is particularly good for the LAST FEW items in a list. |
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recognition
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Awareness, based on retrieval cues, that particular info is in one’s memory.
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relearning method
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A method for measuring FORGETTING.
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retrieval
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The process of finding information stored in memory.
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retrieval cues
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Stimuli that allow or help people to recall information.
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schemas
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Mental representations of categories of objects, places, events, and people.
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selective attention
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The process of focusing mental resources on only part of the stimulus field.
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semantic memory
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Memory for generalized knowledge about the world.
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sensory registers
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Memory systems that briefly hold incoming information.
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short-term memory (STM)
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info normally lasts less than 20 seconds;
a component of working memory. |
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spreading activation
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In semantic network theories of memory, explains how info is retrieved.
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state-dependent learning
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(see state-dependent memory)
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state-dependent memory
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Memory that is helped or hindered by similarities or differences in a person’s internal state during learning versus recall.
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storage
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The process of maintaining information in the memory system over time.
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transfer-appropriate processing model of memory
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A model that suggests that
memory depends on how the encoding process matches up w/what is later retrieved. |
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visual memory
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Mental representations of stimuli as pictures.
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working memory
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Memory that allows us to
mentally work with, or manipulate, info being held in STM |