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77 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Established the first Psychology laboratory at the Univeristy of Leipzig, Germany |
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) |
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Used introspection to search for the mind's structural elements |
Edward Bradford Titchener (1879-1939) |
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The first woman to receive a psychology Ph.D. |
Margaret Floy Washburn (1879-1939) |
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Synthesized animal behavior research in "The Animal Mind" (1908) |
Margaret Floy Washburn |
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Legendary teacher-writer who authored an important 1890 psychology text |
William James |
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A pioneering memory researcher and the first woman to be the president of the Amedican Psychology Association |
Mary Calkins |
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APA |
American Psychology Association |
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Denied a degree from the school of graduation because she was a woman and refused a degree from the sister school. |
Calkins |
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The second female president of the APA in 1921 |
Margaret Floy Washburn |
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Championed psychology as the scientific study of behavior |
John B. Watson |
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Psychologists who did a controversial study on a baby known as "Little Albert" that found that fear could be learned. |
John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner |
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This leading behaviorist rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior |
B.F. Skinner |
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The controversial ideas of this famed personality theorist and therapist have influenced humanity's self understanding |
Sigmund Freud |
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Theorized about learning and memory, motivation, and emotion, perception and and personality |
Aristotle |
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Aimed to discover the mind's structure by engaging people in self-reflective introspection |
Bradford Titchner |
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A somewhat unreliable means of looking inward |
Introspection |
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Discovering the mind's structure |
Structuralism |
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Functions of our thoughts and feelings |
Functionalism |
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Tested functionalism |
William James |
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Under the influence of Charles Darwin, he assumed that thinking was adaptive to help survive and reproduce |
William James |
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Studied down-to-earth emotions, memories, willpower, habits, and moment-to-moment streams of consciousness |
William James |
Functionalism |
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Wrote "Principles of Psychology" |
William James |
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They focused on inner sensations, images and feelings |
Wundt and Titchener |
2 people |
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Emphasized the ways our unconscious mind and childhood experiences affect our behavior |
Freudian psychology |
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Found behaviorism and Freudian psychology too limiting. Led by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow |
Humanistic psychology |
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Focuses on our needs for love and acceptance and in environments that nurture or limit personal growth |
Humanistic psychology |
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The scientific study if observable behavior |
Behaviorism |
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Science of the mind; how we perceive, process, and remember information and how thinking and emotion interact with anxiety, depression, and other disorders |
Cognitive Psychology |
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Science of the brain |
Neuroscience |
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Studies the brain activity underlying mental activity |
Cognitive Neuroscience |
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The science of behavior and mental processes |
Psychology |
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Sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, feelings |
Mental Processes |
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Any action an organism does that can be observed and recorded |
Behavior |
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Assumed that we inherit character and intelligence and that certain ideas are inborn |
The Greek Philosopher Plato |
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Said that there is nothing in the mind that does not first come in from the external world through the senses |
Aristotle |
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From among chance variations, nature selects traits that best enable an organism to survive and reproduce in a particular environment |
Natural Selection |
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The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors |
Nature-nuture issue |
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The study of evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection |
Evolutionary Psychology |
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The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior |
Behavior Genetics |
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The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next |
Culture |
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The scientific study of human flourishing, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive |
Positive Psychology |
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The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural for analyzing any given phenomenon |
Levels of Analysis |
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An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis |
Biopsychological Approach |
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Influenced by social-cultural influences, psychological influences, and biological influences. |
Behavior or mental process |
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Genetic predispositions (genetically influenced traits) |
Biological influence |
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Genetic mutations (random errors in gene replication) |
Biological influence |
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Natural selection of adaptive traits and behaviors passed down through generations |
Biological influence |
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Genes responding to the environment |
Biological influence |
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Learned fears and other learned expectations |
Psychological influence |
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Emotional responses |
Psychological influences |
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Cognitive processing and perceptual interpretations |
Psychological influence |
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Presence if others |
Social-cultural influence |
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Cultural, societal, and family expectations |
Social-cultural influence |
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Peer and other group influences |
Social-cultural influence |
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Compelling models (such as in the media) |
Social-cultural influence |
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3 "branches" of behavior or mental process |
Biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences |
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How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences |
Neuroscience |
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How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival of genes |
Evolutionary |
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How our genes and our environment influence our individual differences |
Behavior Genetics |
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How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts |
Psychodynamic |
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How we learn observable responses |
Behavioral |
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How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information |
Cognitive |
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How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures |
Social-cultural |
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Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
Basic research |
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Explores the links between body and mind |
Biological psychology |
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Studies our changing abilities from womb to tomb |
Developmental psychology |
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Experiences how we perceive, think, and solve problems |
Cognitive psychology |
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Investigates how our persistent traits. |
Personality psychology |
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Explores how we view and affect one another |
Social psychology |
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Uses psychology's concepts and methods in the workplace to help organizations and companies select and train employees, boost morale and productivity, design products, and implement systems |
Industrial-organizational psychology |
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Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
Applied research |
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A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |
Counseling psychology |
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A branch of psychology that studies and treats people with psychological disorders |
Clinical psychology |
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A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who are licensed to provide medical (for example,drug) treatments and well as psychological therapy |
Psychiatry |
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A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups |
Community Psychology |
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Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading, information. Also referred to as retrieval practice effect or test-enhanced learning |
Testing effect |
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A study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, retrieve, review |
SQ3R |
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