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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Dr. Matsuko's major research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Matsuko is a ________ psychologist.
B) developmental C) biological D) psychodynamic |
B) developmental |
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One of the three major concerns of developmental psychology centers around the issue of
B) continuity or stages. C) imprinting or object permanence. D) conservation or egocentrism |
B) continuity or stages. |
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As compared to the production of egg cells, sperm cell production
A) begins later in life. |
A) begins later in life. |
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The heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development.
B) fetal C) zygotic D) ovular |
A) embryonic |
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A teratogen is a(n)
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D) substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child. |
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One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is
B) serotonin. C) dopamine. D) alcohol. |
D) alcohol. |
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Darlene smoked heavily during the entire 9 months of her pregnancy. Her newborn baby will most likely be
B) autistic. C) hyperactive. D) hearing impaired. |
A) underweight. |
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The symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most likely to include
B) brain abnormalities. C) visual impairments. D) autism. |
B) brain abnormalities. |
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Babies are born with several reflexes for getting food. One of these is to
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C) open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek. |
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Habituation refers to the
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B) decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed. |
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Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a
B) circular shape. C) bull's-eye pattern. D) facelike image. |
D) facelike image. |
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From ages 3 to 6, the brain's neural networks are sprouting most rapidly in the
B) hypothalamus. C) cerebellum. D) brainstem. |
A) frontal lobes. |
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Maturation refers to
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B) biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience. |
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Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ________ of the major developmental milestones.
B) the sequence but not the age-related timing C) the age-related timing but not the sequence D) neither the sequence nor the age-related timing |
C) the age-related timing but not the sequence |
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The concept of maturation is most relevant to understanding the absence of
B) bladder control among 2-year-olds. C) self-esteem among kindergarten students. D) moral behavior among adolescents. |
B) bladder control among 2-year-olds. |
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Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that
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D) she lacked language skills for organizing her early life experiences. |
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Cognition refers to
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B) the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating. |
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Piaget was convinced that the mind of a child
B) is not heavily influenced by maturation. C) develops through a series of stages. D) is heavily dependent on the child's personality. |
C) develops through a series of stages. |
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According to Piaget, schemas are
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C) people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences. |
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Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called
B) assimilation. C) imprinting. D) accommodation. |
B) assimilation. |
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According to Piaget, accommodation refers to
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D) adjusting current schemas in order to make sense of new experiences. |
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Olivia understands her world primarily by grasping and sucking easily available objects. Olivia is clearly in Piaget's ________ stage.
B) concrete operational C) sensorimotor D) formal operational |
C) sensorimotor |
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When researcher Karen Wynn showed 5-month-old infants a numerically impossible outcome, the infants
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A) stared longer at the outcome. |
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If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to
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C) recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. |
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According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to
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C) the difficulty perceiving things from another person's point of view. |
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Five-year-olds who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aids box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box. This best illustrates that the children had developed a
B) conventional morality. C) theory of mind. D) concept of conservation |
C) theory of mind. |
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An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with
B) concrete operational thought. C) role confusion. D) autism. |
D) autism. |
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The Russian psychologist Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by
B) inner speech. C) conservation. D) imprinting. |
B) inner speech. |
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According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ________ stage.
B) concrete operational C) formal operational D) sensorimotor |
B) concrete operational |
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Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar. It is likely that Lilianne has also just
A) mastered the principle of conservation. B) overcome the limitation of egocentrism. C) developed a sense of object permanence. D) lost her sense of secure attachment. |
C) developed a sense of object permanence. |
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The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is called
B) habituation. C) assimilation. D) conservation. |
A) attachment. |
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Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with
B) body contact. C) the opportunity to explore. D) self-esteem. |
B) body contact. |
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A critical period is a phase during which
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D) certain events have a particularly strong impact on development. |
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Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of
B) egocentrism. C) insecure attachment. D) accommodation. |
C) insecure attachment. |
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In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most likely to
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B) use their mothers as a base from which to explore the new surroundings. |
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Evidence that easy, relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of
B) temperament. C) conservation. D) object permanence. |
C) conservation. |
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Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely to
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A) form a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world. |
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Two characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they
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C) impose rules and expect obedience. |
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Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be
B) conservative. C) permissive. D) authoritative. |
D) authoritative. |
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Adolescence extends from
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C) the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood. |
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The body structures that enable reproduction are the
B) secondary sex characteristics. C) teratogens. D) frontal lobes. |
A) primary sex characteristics. |
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Puberty is most closely related to the onset of
B) menarche. C) crystallized intelligence. D) conventional morality. |
B) menarche. |
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Boys who mature at an early age tend to be more
B) sexually inhibited. C) popular and self-assured. D) academically successful. |
C) popular and self-assured. |
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The ability to think logically about hypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development.
B) preconventional C) preoperational D) formal operational |
D) formal operational |
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According to Kohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete rewards represents ________ morality.
B) preconventional C) concrete operational D) postconventional |
B) preconventional |
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Kohlberg emphasized that human behavior becomes less selfish as we mature due to
B) physical development. C) cognitive development. D) economic development. |
C) cognitive development. |
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Compared with adults from Western cultures that favor individualism, those from collectivist societies are LESS likely to develop ________ morality.
B) postconventional C) concrete operational D) conventional |
B) postconventional |
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Sixteen-year-old Brenda questions her parents' values but does not fully accept her friends' standards either. Her confusion about what she really wants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling with the problem of
B) identity. C) initiative. D) integrity. |
B) identity. |
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Which of the following best describes adolescent self-esteem?
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B) It falls through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years. |
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Adolescence is typically a time of
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C) diminishing parental influence and growing peer influence. |
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An elaborate ceremony used to celebrate a person's emergence into adulthood is an example of a
B) critical period. C) secure attachment. D) rite of passage. |
D) rite of passage. |
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Physical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory keenness, and cardiac output reach their peak during
B) early adulthood. C) puberty. D) middle adulthood. |
B) early adulthood. |
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The ratio of males to females first begins declining during
B) childhood. C) adolescence. D) adulthood. |
A) prenatal development. |
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Aerobic exercise programs during late adulthood stimulate improvement in
B) basic trust. C) menarche. D) memory. |
D) memory. |
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When adults of varying ages were tested for their memory of a recently learned list of 24 words, the older adults demonstrated
B) a decline in recognition but not in recall. C) a decline in recall but not in recognition. D) a decline in both recognition and recall. |
C) a decline in recall but not in recognition. |
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A cross-sectional study is one in which
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B) different age groups are tested at the same time. |
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Which of the following terms refers to a person's accumulated knowledge and verbal skills?
B) concrete operational intelligence C) formal operational intelligence D) crystallized intelligence |
D) crystallized intelligence |
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Older people's capacity to learn and remember meaningful material does not decline as much as their capacity to learn and remember meaningless material. This best illustrates the value of
B) crystallized intelligence. C) formal operational thought. D) fluid intelligence. |
B) crystallized intelligence. |
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Researchers have discovered that the midlife transition between early and middle adulthood is characterized by unusually high levels of
B) marital dissatisfaction and divorce. C) anxiety and emotional instability. D) none of these feelings or events. |
D) none of these feelings or events. |
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Professor Parker suggested that heterosexual adults are genetically predisposed to form monogamous bonds because this practice facilitated the cooperative nurture and survival of children. The professor's suggestion best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
B) postconventional C) psychosocial D) evolutionary |
D) evolutionary |
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When children grow up and leave home, mothers most frequently report feeling
B) bored. C) happy. D) anxious. |
C) happy. |
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An integrated understanding of successful aging in terms of appropriate nutrition, family support, and an optimistic outlook is most clearly provided by
B) social intuitional theory. C) a biopsychosocial approach. D) Piaget's cognitive development theory. |
C) a biopsychosocial approach. |
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Mary believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time. Her viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of
B) behavior or mental processes. C) continuity or stages. D) fluid or crystallized intelligence. |
C) continuity or stages. |
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A belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood would be most relevant to the issue of
B) fluid or crystallized intelligence. C) conventional or postconventional morality. D) cross-sectional or longitudinal studies. |
A) stability or change. |
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For several months following a sudden and unexpected divorce, Henry was excessively preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. His reaction resulted from the disruption of
B) conservation. C) object permanence. D) attachment. |
D) attachment. |
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Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on the nose of her 2-year-old son and then allows him to see his face in a mirror. The child is most likely to
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A) touch his own nose. |