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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Chaos Hypothesis |
The belief that there is no pattern or direction in history. History has no meaning except that attributed to it by humans. |
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Cyclical Hypothesis |
The belief that history can be understood in terms of cycles. For example, it might be argued that freedom is lost, only to be regained and lost again; thus, there is endless repetition |
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Great-Person Theory |
The view that unique individuals play a causal role in history. Contrast with Zeitgeist and Ortgeist |
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Herodotus (c.484-c.425 BCE) |
First great Greek historian to write history with an emphasis on natural rather than supernatural causes |
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Historiography |
The writing of history along with the study of the methodological and philosophical issues that are pertinent to the work of the historian |
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History |
The interpretive study of the events of the human past |
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Linear-Progressive Hypothesis |
A view of history marked by belief in the inevitable growth and progress of human knowledge and institutions |
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Objectivity in History |
An attitude of the historical researcher marked by an attempt to present fairly all sides of an issue |
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Ortgeist |
The spirit of the place. Contrasts with the great-person theory and emphasizes the importance of place and time (Zeitgeist) as conditions for the production and acceptance of new ideas. |
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Presentism |
An orientation toward history emphasizing the pervasive influence of current prejudices on the interpretation of past events |
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Thucydides (c.460-c.401 BCE) |
Greek historian and author of the History of the Peloponnesian War. He worked to achieve accurate naturalistic accounts of historical events |
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Zeitgeist |
The spirit of the time. Contrasts with the great-person theory and emphasizes the importance of time and place (Ortgeist) as conditions for the production and acceptance of new ideas.
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