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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
schedule of reinforcement
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a rule that states under what conditions a reinforcer will be delivered
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Fixed Ratio FR
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a reinforcer is delivered after n responses
stop and go pattern post reinforcement pause ex. factory piecework |
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Variable Ratio VR
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on average a subject will receive on reinforcer for every n responses
rapid steady pattern no pause ex. hitting on people, slot machine |
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Fixed Interval FI
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the first response after a fixed amount of time has elapsed is reinforced.
scallop pattern ex. checking for bus... start checking more frequently as time elapses |
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Variable Interval VI
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the amount of time that must pass before a reinforcer is stored varies unpredictably from reinforcer to reinforcer.
moderate steady pattern waiting for call email from lover... could be next! |
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resistance to extinction:
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the degree to which a response continues when it is no longer reinforced
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partial reinforcement effect:
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extinction is more rapid after CRF that after a schedule of intermittent reinforcement
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Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates (DRL)
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a response is reinforced if and only if a certain amount of time has elapsed since the previous response.
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Differential Reinforcement of High Rates (DRH)
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a certain number of responses must occur within a fixed amount of time
ex. 10 responses in 3 sec or less |
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Chained Schedule:
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subject must complete the requirement for 2 or more simple schedules in a fixed sequence and is schedule is signaled by a diff stimulus
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Concurrent Schedule:
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Subject is presented with 2 or more response alternatives each associated with its own reinforcement schedule.
ex. one lever=FR5 other lever=FR25 |
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Determinants of Reinforced Responding:
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1)Quality of Reinforcement: (more responding for a higher quality)
2)Rate of Reinforcement:(more responding for richer reinforcement schedule) 3)Delay of Reinforcement:(Response weakens with greater delays) 4)Amount of Reinforcement: (more responding for larger quantity) 5)Response Effort: (More effort reduces responding) 6) Level of Motivation: (level of deprivation/satiation) |
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Contingency Shaped Behavior
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behavior that is controlled by the schedule of reinforcement or punishment
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Rule Governed Behavior
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controlled by verbal or mental rules about how to behave.
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Establishing Operation:
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any operator that changes status of stimulus as reinforcer/punisher
ex. EO = cold weather to put on slippers |
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Extinction in Operant Conditioning:
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the reinforcer is no longer contingent upon responding, so responding decreases across time and eventually disappears
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5 Side effects of Extinction:
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Extinction Burst = initial increase before decrease
Spontaneous Recovery = reappearance of responding after amt of time away from situation Disinhibition = reappearance in novel context Extinction Induced Aggression Resurgence |
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(Resurgence) Creative Problem Solving:
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Epsteins work:
Phase A: reinforcement for box pushin Phase B: extinguished pushing box, reinforced banana pecking Phase C:banana out of reach, but box is available. result= pushing box to get banana |
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Operant Conditioning in Children with Autism:
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1) Conduct Functional Analysis
2) Design Step by Step curriculum 3) Arrange a data collection system 4)Prompting 5)Fading based on functional reinforcers |
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token economies:
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earning tokens for desired behaviors later exchangeable for other reinforcers
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Organizational Behavior Management:
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improves human performance in the workplace.
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Family Therapy:
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contingency contract: written agreement listing desired behavior and reinforcers
makes contingencies explicit and encourages compliance. |