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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
psycho-analysis
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Based on Sigmund Freud's concept of the unconscious.
The unconscious plays an important role in controlling our day to day behaviors and thoughts. |
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Behaviorism
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- John Watson
concepts should be studied scientifically. observable factors and events |
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Psycho-dynamic
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the role of the unconscious in controlling our everyday behaviors and thoughts.
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Humanistic
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-Carl Rogers/ Abraham Maslow
emphasizes on the human potential and free will |
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Sociocultural
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explores social and cultural factors on our behaviors and thoughts.
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Bio psychology
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the biology underlying our behaviors and thoughts.
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cognitive
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focus on thoughts our cognitions themselves
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Evolutionary
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focuses on the biological bases of universal mental characteristics that humans share.
Adaptive behaviors of survival |
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Psychiatrist
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medical doctor that specializes in diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders;
Can prescribe medication |
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Psychologist
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has a doctorate degree and works with either humans or animals in different areas of specialization.
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Scientific Method
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1. perceiving the question
2. forming a hypothesis 3. testing the hypothesis 4. drawing conclusions 5. report your results, and be able to replicate your research. |
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Descriptive methods
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Naturalist Observation
Laboratory observation Case studies Surveys Correlation Studies |
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Naturalist Observation
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Naturalistic observation: observing subjects in their natural environment.
Cons: observer effect- subject does not respond the same while being watched. participant observation- become a participant. Observer bias- formed opinion on what is expected to see or happen. |
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Laboratory Observation
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sometimes needed because of need of specialized equipment.
also the degree of control it gives the observer. |
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Case Studies
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an individual is studied in great detail
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Surveys
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tremendous amount of data
can ask very personal questions representative samples or representative of the population Disadvantage- courtesy bias people will lie so as not to offend someone. |
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Correlation Studies
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a measure of the relationship between two or more variables.
positive- the same direction negative-opposite no correlation= 0.00 |
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The Experiment
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allows researchers to determine cause and behavior.
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Independent variable
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the variable being manipulated
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Dependent variable
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the response of the participants to the independent variable.
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control groups
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the group not being exposed to the independent variable.
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experimental group
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the group exposed to the independent variable
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Experimental Hazards
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Placebo effect: belief in the drug (sugar-pill)
experimenter effect: observers biased with expectations on outcome of experiment. |
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Ethics
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1. rights and well being of participant
2. participants should make informed decisions on participation 3. deception must be justified; but debriefing must be performed after. 4. participants can withdraw any time. 5. must be protected from risks or informed explicitly of the risks. 6. data must be confidential. |